Brain Anatomy Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the largest part of the brain?

Thalamus

Cerebellum

Cerebrum (correct)

Hypothalamus

What connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres?

Corpus callosum

What is the function of the thalamus?

Relay sensation and motor signals to the cerebral cortex

The surface gray matter comprising each cerebral hemisphere is called the __________.

Cerebral cortex Signup and view all the answers

Where are the vision centers located in the brain?

Occipital lobe Signup and view all the answers

What are the inward folds or depressions between the gyri called?

Sulci Signup and view all the answers

The infundibulum connects the cerebellum to the thalamus.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hypothalamus?

Regulates the endocrine system and autonomic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What structure encircles the interthalamic adhesion?

Third ventricle Signup and view all the answers

Match the brain structure with its function:

Pons = Bridges the spinal cord and brain, regulates breathing Medulla oblongata = Controls heart rate and respiratory rate Cerebellum = Controls balance and coordination Hypothalamus = Regulates the endocrine system Signup and view all the answers

The caudal-most portion of the brain stem is called the __________.

Medulla oblongata Signup and view all the answers

Cerebrum is responsible for involuntary muscle movements.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is associated with hearing?

Temporal lobe Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inflammation of the nerve?

Neuritis Signup and view all the answers

What condition involves the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain's ventricles?

Hydrocephalus internal Signup and view all the answers

The paired swelling in the brain that contains the visual reflex centers is called __________.

Rostral colliculi Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pineal body?

Secretes melatonin Signup and view all the answers

Meningitis is inflammation of the brain tissue.

False Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Brain Anatomy and Structures

Cerebrum: Largest brain part, divided into two hemispheres; functions in higher brain activities, sensory interpretation, voluntary movements, and memory storage.
Cerebral Hemispheres: Right and left hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum, facilitating communication.
Corpus Callosum: Bundle of fibers connecting both hemispheres, enabling integrated cognitive function.
Septum Pellucidum: A thin tissue sheet located ventrally to the corpus callosum.
Cerebral Cortex: Outer gray matter layer of the cerebral hemispheres, involved in sensory and cognitive functions.
Gyri: Outward folds on the cerebral surface that increase brain's surface area for greater cognitive capacity.
Sulci: Inward folds that separate the gyri on the cerebral cortex.
Transverse Fissure: Deep groove separating the cerebrum from the cerebellum.
Longitudinal Fissure: Deep groove that separates the two cerebral hemispheres.

Ventricles and Fluid System

Ventricles: Interconnected cavities within the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), communicating with the central canal and subarachnoid space.
Lateral Ventricles: The largest ventricles located within each hemisphere.
Third Ventricle: Encircles the interthalamic adhesion; located within the diencephalon.

Lobes and Functional Areas

Lobes of the Brain: Each cerebral hemisphere is divided into four lobes, from frontal (motor functions) to occipital (vision), temporal (hearing), and parietal (sensory processing).
Piriform Lobe: Related to the sense of smell, located just lateral to the pituitary gland.

Diencephalon Structures

Diencephalon: Rostral part of the brain stem, includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.
Thalamus: Masses that relay sensory signals to the cortex and regulate consciousness.
Hypothalamus: Controls the endocrine and autonomic nervous systems; involved in memory and various bodily functions including temperature regulation.
Epithalamus and Pineal Body: Regulates circadian rhythms and reproductive functions; pineal body secretes melatonin.

Brainstem and Connections

Mesencephalon (Midbrain): Connects the diencephalon to the pons, housing visual and auditory reflex centers.
Pons: Bridges the brain and spinal cord, involved in respiratory regulation.
Medulla Oblongata: Connects to the spinal cord and contains vital centers for heart rate and breathing.

Cerebellum and Coordination

Cerebellum: Located above the pons, involved in balance and coordination; has left and right hemispheres separated by the vermis.
Arbor Vitae: White matter structure in the cerebellum, vital for communication within the cerebellar cortex.

Clinical Conditions

Neuritis: Nerve inflammation affecting functionality.
Hydrocephalus (Internal and External): Condition causing CSF accumulation either in the ventricles or subarachnoid space.
Meningitis: Inflammation of protective membranes around the brain.
Rabies: Can cause paralysis of throat muscles, affecting swallowing.
Brachial Plexus Avulsion: Nerve damage resulting in limb dysfunction.

Other Important Structures

Optic Chiasm: Formed by optic nerve; anatomical location important for vision processing.
Infundibulum: Connecting stalk of the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus, involved in hormonal regulation.

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Description

Test your knowledge of brain anatomy with these flashcards. Learn about the cerebrum and cerebral hemispheres, crucial components of the brain. These cards offer concise definitions to aid your understanding of brain functions and structures.