19 Questions
Which structure is primarily involved in rotator cuff tendonitis?
Supraspinatus tendon
What is the most common cause of shoulder pain according to the provided content?
Compression and irritation of soft tissues in the subacromial space
Bicipital tendonitis involves the inflammation of which structure?
Biceps tendon and its tendon sheath
Which group is commonly seen to have affected structures in the subacromial space?
Athletes and people whose jobs require frequent overhead reaching
What is subacromial bursitis?
Inflammation of the bursa in the subacromial space
What are most rotator cuff injuries and tears from?
Microtrauma to the tendon
What is the effect of poor posture on shoulder mechanics?
Creates pathomechanics
Which postural deviation is associated with tight upper trapezius (UT) and levator scapulae muscles?
Rounded and elevated shoulders
What happens to the subacromial space as a result of poor posture?
Decreases
Compression of the supraspinatus tendon as it passes between the acromion and coracoid process is most commonly caused by what anatomical abnormality?
Abnormality in the shape of the coracoid process
Weak deep neck flexors are secondary to which type of spinal extension?
Upper cervical spine extension
Which of the following is a postural deviation that affects shoulder mechanics during activities of daily living (ADLs)?
Forward head
Which condition is treated by subacromial decompression or acromioplasty?
Compression of the supraspinatus tendon
Aging primarily leads to which anatomical change affecting the shoulder?
Decreased subacromial space due to osteophyte formation
How does poor posture alter the shoulder muscles?
Creates muscle imbalances
What kinetic issue is associated with glenohumeral instability?
Absence or insufficiency of the inferior glide of the humerus
Which part of the joint is NOT directly involved in the discussed shoulder abnormalities?
Radial head
What is the most affected tendon due to osteophyte formation under the acromion?
Supraspinatus tendon
Which anatomical shape of the acromion is typically associated with impingement issues?
Hooked
Study Notes
Compression and Irritation
- Compression and irritation of soft tissues in the subacromial space, leading to shoulder pain
- One of the most common causes of shoulder pain
Structures Commonly Affected
- Structures under the acromial arch, including rotator cuff tendons and biceps tendon
- Rotator cuff tendonitis: inflammation of the rotator cuff tendon(s), usually the supraspinatus tendon
- Bicipital tendonitis: inflammation of the biceps tendon and its tendon sheath
- Subacromial bursitis: inflamed bursa in the subacromial space
Commonly Seen In
- Athletes
- People with poor posture
- People whose jobs require frequent overhead reaching
- Most rotator cuff injuries and tears are from microtrauma to the tendon
Pathophysiology/Pathomechanics
- Pathophysiology: disordered physiological processes
- Pathomechanics: unwanted/altered mechanics
Anatomical Abnormalities
- Compression of the supraspinatus tendon due to an abnormality in the shape of the coracoid process, acromion, and/or humeral head
- Only fix is surgical (subacromial decompression/acromioplasty)
Glenohumeral Instability
- Results in decreased subacromial space
- Kinesiology: the humerus rolls superior but the inferior glide is absent or insufficient
- Or mechanical imbalance or incoordination of the scapular stabilizers
Aging
- Osteophyte formation under the acromion limits the subacromial space
- Supraspinatus tendon is most affected
Posture and Mechanics
- Poor posture impacts shoulder mechanics, creating pathomechanics
- Puts shoulder out of anatomical position/proper alignment and alters line of pull of muscles
- Decreases subacromial space, creates muscle imbalances
Subacromial impingement syndrome is a common cause of shoulder pain, caused by compression and irritation of soft tissues in the subacromial space. Learn about the structures commonly affected and the condition's pathophysiology.
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