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SGLT2 Inhibitors and Glycosuria

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of hyperglycemia in insulin secretion from beta cells?

Increases glucose uptake in beta-cells (correct)

Promotes opening of K+-channels on beta-cells

Inhibits the release of pre-stored insulin

Decreases ATP levels in beta-cells

Which of the following is an endogenous inhibitor of insulin secretion?

High faNy acids levels

Chronically elevated glucose levels (correct)

Exogenous insulin administration

Beta-adrenergic sympathetic activity

What is the mechanism of insulin release from beta-cells?

Increase in K+ eﬄux from beta-cells

Opening of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (correct)

Suppression of ATP production

Activating ATP-dependent K+-channels

Which class of medications promotes insulin secretion from beta-cells by blocking K+ eﬄux, leading to depolarization and subsequent Ca2+ inﬂux?

Sulfonylureas Signup and view all the answers

Which class of medications is known for its fast onset, low duration, and lower risk for hypoglycemia due to their mechanism of action?

Sulfonylureas Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding chronic treatment with sulfonylureas?

Chronic treatment may result in reduced blood glucose control due to downregulation of SUR. Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism describes how SGLT2 inhibitors reduce blood glucose levels?

Decreasing glucose excretion Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect associated with SGLT2 inhibitors according to the text?

Increased risk of urinary tract infections Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding amylin in diabetes mellitus?

Amylin is absent in T2DM Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glucagon in the body?

Opposes the effects of insulin by promoting glucogenolysis in the liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of glucagon on insulin secretion?

Inhibits insulin secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of α-glucosidase inhibitors as described in the text?

Decrease intestinal carbohydrate absorption Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the secretion of glucagon?

Low blood glucose levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of glucagon on cAMP?

Increases cAMP levels Signup and view all the answers