Server vs Desktop OS: Windows Server 2012/R2

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Questions and Answers

How many virtual instances does the Standard Edition permit?

Four

Two (correct)

Unlimited

One

The Essential Edition requires Client Access Licenses (CALs) for users.

False

What is the maximum amount of RAM supported by both the Datacenter and Standard editions?

4 TB

Datacenter Edition requires one license for every _____ processors installed on a server.

two Signup and view all the answers

Match the following editions with their features:

Datacenter Edition = Unlimited virtual machines Standard Edition = Two virtual instances only Essential Edition = No Client Access Licenses required Server Core = Default installation mode without GUI Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary functions of Windows Server operating systems?

Network access performance Signup and view all the answers

Windows 10 can support unlimited logged-on network users.

False Signup and view all the answers

Name one network service supported by Windows Server 2012/R2.

Domain Name System (DNS) Signup and view all the answers

Windows Server 2012/R2 includes a fault-tolerance feature known as __________.

Redundant array of independent disks (RAID) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Windows Server 2012/R2 editions with their description:

Datacenter = Unlimited virtual instances Standard = Limited virtual instances Essential = Small businesses solution Foundation = Basic server features Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a network service supported by Windows Server 2012/R2?

Spreadsheet processing Signup and view all the answers

Identify a limited capacity function supported by Windows 10.

Web Server Signup and view all the answers

Windows Server 2012/R2 editions have more functionalities compared to Windows Server 2008.

True Signup and view all the answers

What capability does the Microsoft Management Console provide for administrators?

Assigning system policies Signup and view all the answers

The Workgroup Model is suitable for networks with more than 10 computers.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a domain controller in a network?

To manage access to domain resources and provide centralized security. Signup and view all the answers

The _____ model requires centralized security and resource management.

Domain Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Windows Server Foundation Edition is true?

It can be configured as a root domain controller. Signup and view all the answers

Foundation Edition of Windows Server can support more than 15 users at a time.

False Signup and view all the answers

Match the following features with their respective functions:

Shadow copies = Backup of files preventing loss Disk quotas = Limit disk space usage per user DFS = Facilitates file sharing across servers Remote connection = Administration from a distance Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of virtualization in cloud computing?

To emulate multiple hardware environments for running multiple operating systems on a single physical server. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following features is NOT associated with the Disk Management utility?

Assigning user permissions Signup and view all the answers

File and Printer Sharing includes advanced features such as Distributed File System (DFS).

True Signup and view all the answers

A virtual machine (VM) emulates a physical computer's hardware and ____.

BIOS Signup and view all the answers

What is a stand-alone server in the context of a workgroup?

A Windows Server that participates in a workgroup. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum amount of RAM that Foundation Edition can support?

32 GB Signup and view all the answers

Virtualization software creates the virtual environment for running virtual machines.

True Signup and view all the answers

What does a host computer do in the context of virtualization?

It is the physical computer that runs the virtualization software and supports virtual machines. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Virtualization = Emulates multiple hardware environments. Virtual Machine (VM) = A virtual environment that acts like a physical computer. Cloud Computing = Technologies for delivering computing resources to users. Host Computer = The physical computer running the VM software. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS)?

Manage user and computer authentication Signup and view all the answers

DHCP Server assigns static IP addresses to client computers.

False Signup and view all the answers

What does DNS stand for?

Domain Name System Signup and view all the answers

The _______ provides services to create and manage virtual machines on a Windows Server.

Hyper-V Signup and view all the answers

Which server role provides the primary function of configuring a VPN?

Remote Access Signup and view all the answers

Match the following server roles with their primary functions:

Active Directory = User and computer authentication DHCP Server = Automatic IP address assignment DNS Server = Name resolution to IP addresses Hyper-V = Manage virtual machines Signup and view all the answers

You can install DNS on the same server as Active Directory.

True Signup and view all the answers

What does a virtual machine simulate?

Computer hardware Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a server operating system in a network?

Provide services that aid operations of an organization Signup and view all the answers

A computer is considered a server only if it has high-performance hardware.

False Signup and view all the answers

Name one of the core technologies of Windows Server 2012/R2.

Active Directory Signup and view all the answers

The server role that provides static IP addresses to client computers is known as __________.

DHCP Server Signup and view all the answers

Match the following editions of Windows Server 2012/R2 with their descriptions:

Standard Edition = Supports physical or virtual instances Datacenter Edition = Designed for highly virtualized environments Essentials Edition = Used for small businesses with a limited number of users Foundation Edition = Aimed at entry-level servers with basic functionality Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of physical processors supported by both the Datacenter and Standard editions?

64 Signup and view all the answers

The Essential Edition requires Client Access Licenses (CALs) for each user who logs on to the server.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the automatically configured services in the Essential Edition?

Active Directory Certificate Services Signup and view all the answers

Datacenter Edition requires one license for every ______ processors installed on a server.

two Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Windows Server editions with their primary features:

Datacenter Edition = Supports unlimited virtual instances Standard Edition = Permits only two virtual instances Essential Edition = Aimed at small businesses with 25 or fewer users Server Core = A mode that can be installed without the GUI Signup and view all the answers

What does Windows Deployment Services (WDS) simplify?

Installation and configuration of Windows over a network Signup and view all the answers

PowerShell is a graphical user interface for managing Windows operating systems.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of IP Address Management (IPAM)?

Monitor and manage servers running DHCP and DNS Signup and view all the answers

The __________ file system (ReFS) is designed to improve data integrity.

Resilient Signup and view all the answers

Match the following features with their descriptions:

PowerShell = Command-line environment with cmdlets Server Core = Minimal installation without GUI Dynamic Access Control = Centralized access management Storage Spaces = Virtual storage pool management Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following operates with PowerShell to automate tasks?

cmdlets Signup and view all the answers

Windows Server 2012 R2 allows the deployment of Windows 10 systems over a network without WDS.

False Signup and view all the answers

What major role does Server Core play in Windows Server 2012/R2?

Provides a minimal server installation without a graphical user interface Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a hypervisor?

To create and monitor the virtual hardware environment. Signup and view all the answers

A public cloud is a cloud computing service provided by an internal IT department.

False Signup and view all the answers

What type of infrastructure allows users to access their desktop from any Internet connection?

Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) Signup and view all the answers

The _____ provides centralized authentication and authorization of users to network resources.

Active Directory Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of Server Manager?

Creating virtual machines. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following services with their description:

Active Directory = Administration of network resources DNS = Domain naming services File and Printer Sharing = Allows sharing of files and printers Windows Networking = Enables computer communication in a network Signup and view all the answers

Users can manage all servers in their network using Server Manager.

True Signup and view all the answers

A _____ cloud computing service is provided by a third party.

public Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key capability of the Microsoft Management Console?

Remote server connection Signup and view all the answers

The Domain Model is suitable for networks with fewer than 10 computers.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a domain controller in a network?

To allow client computers access to domain resources and manage centralized authentication. Signup and view all the answers

The _____ model is also referred to as a peer-to-peer network.

Workgroup Signup and view all the answers

Match the following features with their description:

Shadow copies = Backup of previous versions of files Disk quotas = Limit on storage usage per user Distributed File System (DFS) = Allows sharing files across multiple servers Remote Desktop = Access to a computer from a remote location Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is NOT associated with File and Printer Sharing?

Centralized authentication Signup and view all the answers

A stand-alone server is part of a workgroup.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Disk Management in Windows Server?

To manage disks and volumes on the server. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of a server operating system in a network?

To provide network services to client computers Signup and view all the answers

A computer can only be considered a server if it has high-performance hardware.

False Signup and view all the answers

Name one core technology of Windows Server 2012/R2.

Hyper-V Signup and view all the answers

The server role that assigns dynamic IP addresses to clients is known as __________.

DHCP Signup and view all the answers

Match the following server roles with their primary functions:

DHCP Server = Assigns dynamic IP addresses DNS Server = Resolves domain names to IP addresses File Server = Stores files for network users Web Server = Hosts websites and web applications Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key advantages of Windows Deployment Services (WDS)?

Simplifies the installation of Windows over a network Signup and view all the answers

PowerShell is primarily a graphical user interface for managing Windows operating systems.

False Signup and view all the answers

What do the cmdlets in PowerShell represent?

Commands and scripts Signup and view all the answers

IP Address Management (IPAM) helps in monitoring and managing servers running _ and _.

DHCP, DNS Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Windows Server 2012/R2 features with their descriptions:

Server Core = Minimal installation without a GUI Storage Spaces = Allows pooling of storage resources Dynamic Access Control = Manages access to resources using claims Resilient File System (ReFS) = Designed for improved data integrity Signup and view all the answers

Which feature in Windows Server 2012/R2 automatically discovers domain controllers?

IP Address Management (IPAM) Signup and view all the answers

Windows Server 2012/R2 introduced only minor enhancements compared to previous versions.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Resilient File System (ReFS)?

Improved data integrity and resilience Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Microsoft Management Console?

To provide a centralized management interface for administrators Signup and view all the answers

A stand-alone server is typically used in a domain model.

False Signup and view all the answers

What feature allows for remote connection to servers?

Microsoft Management Console Signup and view all the answers

The _____ model is suitable for a network requiring centralized security and resource management.

Domain Signup and view all the answers

Match the following features to their descriptions:

Shadow Copies = Allows recovery of previous versions of files Disk Quotas = Limits disk space usage for users Distributed File System (DFS) = Simplifies file sharing across multiple locations Disk Management = Tool for managing disks and volumes Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the Workgroup Model is true?

It is also known as a peer-to-peer network. Signup and view all the answers

What role does a domain controller play in a network?

It allows client computers to access domain resources. Signup and view all the answers

File and Printer Sharing in Windows Server provides basic features only.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a hypervisor?

To create and monitor the virtual hardware environment Signup and view all the answers

Public cloud services are typically managed by the internal IT department.

False Signup and view all the answers

Name one typical service provided by a private cloud.

Virtual desktops Signup and view all the answers

Active Directory provides a single point of administration for network resources such as users, groups, and __________.

shared printers Signup and view all the answers

Match the following server roles with their primary functions:

Server Manager = Manages server roles and configurations Active Directory = Centralized authentication and resource management DNS = Provides domain-naming services VDI = Allows access to virtual desktops over the internet Signup and view all the answers

What technology allows users to access their desktop from any Internet connection?

Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) Signup and view all the answers

Windows Server 2012/R2 uses Server Manager to configure multiple servers in a network.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is one feature of Windows networking in Windows Server 2012/R2?

File and printer sharing Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main components of a network interface?

Network Interface Card and Device Driver Software Signup and view all the answers

A network server software sends requests to a client for network resources.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS) role?

To create, issue, and manage digital certificates. Signup and view all the answers

A server can be configured for a single role or multiple __________.

roles Signup and view all the answers

Match the following network components with their descriptions:

Network Client = Sends requests for resources Network Server = Receives requests for shared resources Network Protocol = Defines rules for communication Network Interface = Includes NIC and device drivers Signup and view all the answers

What does a network protocol specify?

The rules and format of communication between network devices Signup and view all the answers

Server features provide functions that enhance or support an installed role.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is a digital certificate?

An electronic document with information about the holder and the issuer. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Server versus Desktop Operating Systems

Server operating systems are designed to emphasize network access performance and run background processes rather than desktop applications.
Desktop operating systems such as Windows 10/11 are designed to be on desktop computers. They can also perform server functions such as file sharing and printer sharing.

Windows Server 2012/R2 Network Services

Windows Server 2012/R2 network services include:
- File and Printer sharing
- Web server
- Routing and Remote Access Services (RRAS)
- Domain Name System (DNS)
- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
- File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Server
- Active Directory
- Distributed File System (DFS)
- Hyper-V
Windows 10 desktop OS supports only Hyper-V, File and Printer Sharing, Web Server, and FTP Server in limited capacity.
Windows 10 is restricted to 20 logged-on network users.
Windows Server 2012/R2 supports fault-tolerance features such as:
- Redundant array of independent disks (RAID) 5 volumes
- Load balancing

Windows Server 2012/R2 Editions

Windows Server 2012/R2 editions include:
- Datacenter
- Standard
- Essential
- Foundation
Businesses can choose the best solution for their size and services required.

Datacenter and Standard Editions

Datacenter Edition allows for an unlimited number of virtual instances of the OS and can be installed on a physical server.
Datacenter with Hyper-V can be installed on a physical server, allowing users to install as many virtual machines as needed.
One Datacenter Edition license needs to be purchased for every two physical processors on a server.
Standard Edition has all the features of Datacenter Edition and the same processor licensing conditions.
Standard Edition only permits two virtual instances.
Both Datacenter and Standard editions support:
- Up to 4 TB of RAM
- Up to 64 physical processors
- Server clusters with up to 64 nodes per cluster
Both Datacenter and Standard editions can be installed without the standard graphical user interface (GUI) called Server Core.
Both editions require Client Access Licenses (CALs) for each user who logs on to the server.

Essential Edition

Essential Edition is aimed at small businesses with 25 or fewer users.
This edition is automatically configured as a root domain controller.
Other automatically configured services include:
- Active Directory Certificate Services, DNS, File Services, Web Server (IIS), Network Policy Server, and Remote Desktop Services.
This edition comes with a management interface called Dashboard.
It does not require Client Access Licenses (CALs).

Foundation Edition

Foundation Edition is an entry-level edition suitable for small businesses.
It is only available as an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) version.
It is licensed for 15 users and does not require CALs.
This edition supports a single physical processor and up to 32 GB of RAM.
It can be configured as a stand-alone server or a root domain controller.
It does not support Hyper-V.

Windows Server 2012/R2 and the Private Cloud

Cloud computing is a collection of technologies that abstract how applications, storage, network, and other computing resources are delivered to users.
Virtualization is a core technology of cloud computing.
Virtualization uses software to emulate multiple hardware environments that allow multiple operating systems to run on the same physical server simultaneously.
A virtual machine (VM) emulates a physical computer’s hardware and BIOS.
The host computer is the physical computer on which VM software is installed and VMs run.
Virtualization software creates and manages VMs and the virtual environment.
Virtualization software allows administrators to assign system policies, deploy software to client computers, and assign permissions and rights to users of network resources.

Microsoft Management Console

The Microsoft Management Console (MMC) creates a centralized management interface for administrators.
MMC allows administrators to connect to servers remotely.

Disk Management

Disk Management is used to manage disk and volumes on a Windows Server 2012/R2 computer.

File and Printer Sharing offers advanced features such as:
- Shadow copies
- Disk quotas
- Distributed File System (DFS)

Windows Networking Concepts

The Workgroup Model is a small collection of computers that share common roles such as file and printer sharing.
The Workgroup model is also known as a peer-to-peer network.
The Workgroup model features decentralized logons, security, and resource sharing.
It is easy to configure and ideal for small groups of users (fewer than 10).
A Windows Server 2012/R2 server that participates in a workgroup is referred to as a stand-alone server.

Windows Networking Concepts

The Domain Model is preferred where the network has more than 10 computers or requires centralized security and resource management.
The Domain Model requires at least one computer to be a domain controller.
A domain controller is a Windows server that has the Active Directory role installed and is responsible for allowing client computers to access domain resources.

Active Directory Domain Services

Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) installs Active Directory and turns a Windows Server 2012/R2 server into a domain controller.
The main purpose of AD DS is to handle authentication and authorization for users and computers in a Windows domain.

DHCP Server

The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Server role provides automatic IP address assignment and configuration for client computers.
The DHCP Server can provide default gateway address, DNS server addresses, and other options.

DNS Server

The Domain Name System (DNS) Server resolves the names of Internet computers and computers that are members of a Windows Domain to their assigned IP addresses.
When installing Active Directory, you can specify an existing DNS server or install DNS on the same server as Active Directory.

Hyper-V

Hyper-V provides services to create and manage virtual machines (VMs) on a Windows Server 2012/R2 computer.
A virtual machine is a software environment that simulates the computer hardware an operating system needs for installation.
Installing an operating system on a virtual machine uses the same methods used on a physical machine.

Remote Access

Remote Access allows configuring a server as a virtual private network (VPN) server and a router.
Direct Access enables users to connect to their work securely through an Internet connection.

Windows Deployment Services

Simplifies installing Windows over a network.
Can install and remotely configure Windows 10/11 and Server 2012 systems.
WDS contains all the tools needed to deploy Windows on an enterprise network on a large scale.

New and Enhanced Features in Windows Server 2012/R2

Server Core: Minimal server interface.
PowerShell: Command-line interactive scripting environment for managing tasks with "cmdlets" (commands and scripts). Hundreds of cmdlets are available.
Storage Spaces: Provides a way to build a fault-tolerant storage system.
Resilient File System (ReFS): A replacement for NTFS, it is more robust and handles large files.
IP Address Management (IPAM): Monitors and manages DHCP and DNS servers.
Dynamic Access Control: Allows administrators to define specific rules for accessing folders, printers, and other network resources.

Server Editions

Datacenter Edition: Permits unlimited virtual instances. Must purchase one Datacenter Edition license for every two physical processors installed on a server.
Standard Edition: Permits only two virtual instances, otherwise same features as Datacenter edition.
Essential Edition: Aimed at small businesses with 25 or fewer users. Automatically configured as a domain controller.
- Other services included: Active Directory Certificate Services, DNS, File Services, Web Server (IIS), Network Policy Server, and Remote Desktop Services.
- Includes a management interface called Dashboard. No Client Access Licenses are required.

Public Cloud vs Private Cloud

Public Cloud: Cloud computing service provided by a third party, for example: DropBox, SkyDrive, Google Apps.
Private Cloud: Cloud computing service provided by an internal IT department.
Virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI): Users connect to the private cloud with a Web browser or client software, and can access their desktop from any Internet connection.

Core Technologies of Windows Server 2012/R2

Server Manager: Single interface for installing, configuring and removing server roles. Includes tools for diagnosing problems, managing storage, and general configuration. Can manage all servers in a network.
Active Directory: Provides centralized authentication and authorization of users to network resources. Along with DNS, provides domain naming services and management for a Windows domain.
Microsoft Management Console: Creates a centralized management interface for administrators. Can be used to connect to servers remotely.
Disk Management: Manages disk and volumes on a Windows Server 2012/R2 computer.
File and Printer Sharing: Offers features such as shadow copies, disk quotas and Distributed File System (DFS).

Windows Networking Concepts

Workgroup Model: A small collection of computers that share resources. Also called a peer-to-peer network. Decentralized logons, security and resource sharing.
Domain Model: Requires at least one computer to be a domain controller. A domain controller runs Active Directory and allows clients to access domain resources.

Server Operating Systems

The functions of a server depend primarily on the type of business, business size and technology usage within the business.
Servers are used to provide services that aid the operations of an organization.
A computer becomes a server when it has installed software that provides a network service to client computers.

Cloud Computing

Public cloud: cloud computing service provided by a third party.
Private cloud: cloud computing service provided by an internal IT department.
Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI): users connect to a private cloud via web browser or client software and can access their desktop from any internet connection.

Server Manager

Server Manager is a single interface for installing, configuring, and removing server roles
Server Manager is used for diagnosing issues, managing storage, and performing general system configurations.
Server Manager can be used to manage all servers on a network.

Active Directory

Active Directory provides a single point of administration for network resources such as users, groups, shared printers, etc.
Active Directory provides centralized authentication and authorization of users to network resources.
Active Directory, along with DNS, provides domain-naming services and domain management for a Windows Domain.
Administrators can assign system policies, deploy software to client computers, and assign permissions and rights to users of network resources.

Microsoft Management Console

Provides a centralized management interface for administrators.
Provides the capability to connect to servers remotely.

Disk Management

Used to manage disks and volumes on a Windows Server 2012/R2 computer.

Includes features such as Shadow copies, Disk quotas, and Distributed File System (DFS).

Windows Networking

Workgroup Model: a small network of computers that share common roles (file or printer sharing) that is often referred to as peer-to-peer network.
Workgroup Model has decentralized logons, security, and resource sharing.
Workgroup Model is easy to configure and works well for small groups of users.
A Windows Server 2012/R2 server that participates in a workgroup is called a stand-alone server.
Domain Model: preferred for networks that have more than 10 computers or that require centralized security and resource management.
Requires at least one domain controller.
Domain Controllers run the Active Directory role and are responsible for allowing client computers access to domain resources.

Network Components

Network interface contains two parts: the network interface card (NIC) and the device driver software.
Network protocol specifies the rules and format of communication between network devices.
Network clients are the part of the operating system that send requests to a server.
Network server software receives requests for shared network resources and makes these resources available to network clients.

Windows Server 2012/R2 Roles

Roles are major functions or services that a server performs.
Role services add functions to the main role.
Server features provide functions that enhance or support an installed role or add a stand-alone function.

Active Directory Certificate Services

Digital Certificate: an electronic document containing information about the certificate holder and the issuing entity.
The Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS) role provides services for creating, issuing, and managing digital certificates.

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Description

This quiz explores the key differences between server and desktop operating systems, particularly focusing on Windows Server 2012/R2. Learn about the various network services that Windows Server provides and how they compare to Windows desktop operating systems. Test your knowledge on functionalities like file sharing, DNS, and DHCP.