Male Reproductive System
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What is the primary function of Sertoli cells in relation to spermatogenesis?

  • To secrete androgen-binding protein and iron-transport protein
  • To perform the second meiotic division
  • To provide a supportive structure for spermatogenic cells (correct)
  • To form the blood-testis barrier

    • What is the result of the second meiotic division in spermatogenesis?

  • The formation of tetraploid cells with 92 chromosomes
  • The formation of haploid cells with 23 chromosomes (correct)
  • The formation of triploid cells with 69 chromosomes
  • The formation of diploid cells with 46 chromosomes

    • Which type of spermatogonia acts as stem cells and undergoes self-renewal?

  • Type A spermatogonia (correct)
  • Type B spermatogonia
  • Secondary spermatocytes
  • Primary spermatocytes

    • What is the term for the process by which haploid cells differentiate into mature spermatozoa?

    <p>Spermiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the separation of chromatids during the second meiotic division?

    <p>The amount of DNA per cell is decreased by half</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the clonal nature of spermatogenesis?

    <p>To maintain the stem cell population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cytoplasmic bridges between spermatogenic cells during spermiogenesis?

    <p>To supply haploid cells with products of the complete diploid genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which structure is the sperm nucleus half-covered during spermiogenesis?

    <p>Sertoli cell cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the manchette during spermatid elongation?

    <p>To transport vesicles, mitochondria, and keratins into position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately how long does it take for the spermatogenic cells to undergo the necessary changes between the final mitoses of spermatogonia and the formation of spermatids?

    <p>2 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the group of cells linked through meiosis during spermiogenesis?

    <p>Spermatogenic syncytium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction does the flagellum emerge from the basal body during spermiogenesis?

    <p>Away from the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the blood-testis barrier?

    <p>To isolate spermatogenic cells from plasma proteins and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate number of developing germ cells supported by each Sertoli cell?

    <p>30-50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of androgen-binding protein (ABP) in spermiogenesis?

    <p>To concentrate testosterone to a level required for spermiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of transferrin in Sertoli cells?

    <p>To transport iron into the lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Sertoli cells in terms of spermatogenic cells?

    <p>To provide nutrients and metabolites to spermatogenic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone promotes the production of nutrients and androgen-binding protein (ABP) in Sertoli cells?

    <p>Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the tunica albuginea in the testes?

    <p>To provide a dense connective tissue capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the mediastinum testis in the testes?

    <p>To thicken the posterior side of the tunica albuginea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the secretions produced by the accessory glands in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To provide nutrients for spermatozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure introduces the semen into the female reproductive tract in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Penis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the mixture of spermatozoa and the secretions of the accessory glands in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Semen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is important for spermatogenesis, sexual differentiation during embryonic and fetal development, and control of gonadotropin secretion in the pituitary?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the epithelial lining in the ductus deferens?

    <p>Pseudostratified with sparse stereocilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the muscularis in the ductus deferens is absent in the epididymal duct?

    <p>Longitudinal outer layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure where the ends of the two ampullae merge with the ducts of the two seminal vesicles?

    <p>Prostate gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the enlarged portion of the ductus deferens where it passes over the urinary bladder?

    <p>Ampulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the spermatic cord is responsible for the blood supply to the testes?

    <p>Testicular artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of muscle present in the muscularis of the ductus deferens?

    <p>Smooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the circularly oriented smooth muscle cells in the walls of efferent ductules?

    <p>To aid the movement of sperm into the duct of the epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the network of channels embedded in the connective tissue of the mediastinum testis?

    <p>Rete testis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the fluid flow created by the absorption of fluid by nonciliated cells and ciliary activity?

    <p>To aid in the movement of sperm out of the testis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the duct that connects the epididymis to the urethra?

    <p>Ductus deferens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the epithelium lining the straight tubules near their connection to the rete testis?

    <p>Simple cuboidal epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three parts of the excretory genital ducts?

    <p>Epididymis, ductus deferens, and urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of prostaglandins in the seminal vesicles' secretion?

    <p>to stimulate activity in the female reproductive tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the seminal vesicles' secretion that makes up about 70% of the ejaculate?

    <p>viscid, yellowish fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specialized function of the muscularis in the ductus deferens?

    <p>to facilitate the movement of sperm during ejaculation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that surrounds the urethra below the bladder?

    <p>prostate gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of fructose in the seminal vesicles' secretion?

    <p>to provide energy for sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the smooth muscle cells in the epididymis?

    <p>To propel sperm through the epididymal duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the mucosa of the seminal vesicles?

    <p>It has a mucosa with many thin, complex folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelial cells are present in the epididymal duct?

    <p>Pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the elastic fibers in the lamina propria of the seminal vesicles?

    <p>To provide mechanical support to the mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the tunica vaginalis in the epididymis?

    <p>To cover and protect the epididymal duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the tunica albuginea in the testes?

    <p>To provide a dense connective tissue capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the intratesticular ducts in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To transport spermatozoa from the seminiferous tubules to the epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the male reproductive system is responsible for introducing the semen into the female reproductive tract?

    <p>Penis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the excretory genital ducts in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To transport spermatozoa from the epididymis to the penis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the accessory glands in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To provide nutrients for spermatozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nonciliated cells in the seminiferous tubules?

    <p>To absorb some of the fluid secreted by the Sertoli cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the epithelial lining in the straight tubules near their connection to the rete testis?

    <p>Simple cuboidal epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the excretory genital ducts is responsible for storing sperm?

    <p>Epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the circularly oriented smooth muscle cells in the walls of efferent ductules?

    <p>To facilitate the movement of sperm into the epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the network of channels embedded in the connective tissue of the mediastinum testis?

    <p>Rete testis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the epithelial lining in the ductus deferens?

    <p>Pseudostratified with some cells having sparse stereocilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that forms part of the spermatic cord?

    <p>Ductus deferens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the strong peristaltic contractions during ejaculation in the ductus deferens?

    <p>To move sperm from the epididymis to the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the ends of the two ampullae merge with the ducts of the two seminal vesicles?

    <p>In the prostate gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure where the ductus deferens enlarges as it passes over the urinary bladder?

    <p>Ampulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) produced by the prostate gland?

    <p>To help liquefy coagulated semen for the slow release of sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the tunica vaginalis in the testes?

    <p>To cover the tunica albuginea on the anterior and lateral sides of the testis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate number of testicular lobules into which the testes are divided?

    <p>250</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the mucosal folds in the seminal vesicles?

    <p>Thin and highly folded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are present in the connective tissue of the testicular lobules?

    <p>Endocrine interstitial cells (Leydig cells)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glands contributes the major volume to semen?

    <p>Seminal vesicles and prostate gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the scrotal sac in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To regulate the temperature of the testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that consists mainly of mucous acini?

    <p>Bulbourethral gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure where the ducts of the seminal vesicles merge with the ductus deferens?

    <p>Ejaculatory duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the region of the testes where the septa penetrate and divide the organ into testicular lobules?

    <p>Fibrous region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the seminiferous tubules in the testicular lobules?

    <p>To produce spermatozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many seminiferous tubules are present in each testicular lobule?

    <p>One to four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that carries the testes from the abdominal cavity to the scrotal sac during fetal development?

    <p>Spermatic cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the serous sac that surrounds the testes during migration from the abdominal cavity?

    <p>To cover the tunica albuginea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that forms the boundary between the testicular lobules and the rete testis?

    <p>Tunica albuginea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the epithelial lining in the urethra?

    <p>Pseudostratified columnar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the corpus spongiosum?

    <p>To surround the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Sertoli cells in relation to spermatogenesis?

    <p>To provide nutrients to developing sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that surrounds the urethra below the bladder?

    <p>Prostate gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the epithelial lining in the ductus deferens?

    <p>Pseudostratified columnar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) produced by the prostate gland?

    <p>To help liquefy coagulated semen for the slow release of sperm after ejaculation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the epithelial lining in the ductus deferens?

    <p>Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the bulbourethral glands in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To produce a secretion that lubricates the urethra before ejaculation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that forms the boundary between the testicular lobules and the rete testis?

    <p>Septa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the epithelial lining in the epididymal duct?

    <p>Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the corpora amylacea in the prostatic tubuloacinar glands?

    <p>To have no physiologic function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of elevated levels of circulating PSA?

    <p>Indication of abnormal glandular mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure surrounds the urethra below the bladder?

    <p>Prostate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the seminal vesicles?

    <p>To produce seminal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the epithelial lining in the ductus deferens?

    <p>Pseudostratified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the organization of the prostate?

    <p>30-50 branched tubuloacinar glands organized into three layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that introduces the semen into the female reproductive tract in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the prostate?

    <p>To produce seminal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that surrounds the prostatic urethra?

    <p>Transition zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the corpora amylacea in the prostatic tubuloacinar glands?

    <p>Small, spherical, and calcified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelium lines the tubuloacinar glands of the prostate?

    <p>Simple or pseudostratified columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the glands in the peripheral zone of the prostate?

    <p>To secrete a fluid that is rich in prostaglandins and glycoproteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the prostate's tissue is comprised of the peripheral zone?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of the glands in the prostate around the urethra?

    <p>Arranged in three major zones around the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate weight of the prostate?

    <p>20 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the corpus spongiosum in the penis?

    <p>To surround the penile urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the penile urethra in the glans?

    <p>Stratified squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the epithelial lining in the bulbourethral glands?

    <p>Mucus-secreting simple columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Sertoli cells in relation to spermatogenesis?

    <p>To support and nourish developing germ cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that forms the boundary between the testicular lobules and the rete testis?

    <p>Septula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the mucosal folds in the seminal vesicles?

    <p>To increase the surface area for secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelial lining is characteristic of the epididymal duct?

    <p>Ciliated pseudostratified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Sertoli cells in relation to spermatogenesis?

    <p>To regulate the development of spermatogenic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical structure that surrounds the urethra below the bladder?

    <p>Fibroelastic capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which region of the epididymis does sperm maturation occur?

    <p>Body of the epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the epithelial lining in the ductus deferens?

    <p>Pseudostratified with sparse stereocilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure where the ducts of the seminal vesicles merge with the ductus deferens?

    <p>Ejaculatory ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the mucosal folds in the epididymal duct?

    <p>Longitudinal folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the muscularis in the ductus deferens?

    <p>Produces peristaltic contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the lamina propria in the ductus deferens?

    <p>Contains many elastic fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sertoli Cells and Spermatogenesis

    • Sertoli cells support and nourish developing sperm cells, facilitating spermatogenesis.
    • They form the blood-testis barrier, protecting germ cells from immune attack and toxins.
    • Sertoli cells produce androgen-binding protein (ABP) and transferrin, supporting male reproductive processes.

    Meiotic Divisions in Spermatogenesis

    • The second meiotic division results in the formation of four haploid spermatids from two secondary spermatocytes.
    • Haploid cells differentiate into mature spermatozoa through the process called spermiogenesis.
    • The separation of chromatids during the second meiotic division leads to the formation of daughter cells, each with half the chromosome number.

    Spermatogonia and Stem Cells

    • Type A spermatogonia act as stem cells and undergo self-renewal, providing continuous supply for spermatogenesis.

    Role of Cytoplasmic Bridges

    • Cytoplasmic bridges between spermatogenic cells maintain communication and coordination during spermatogenesis, ensuring synchronized development.

    Structural Features in Spermiogenesis

    • During spermiogenesis, the sperm nucleus is half-covered by the acrosome.
    • The manchette is critical for guiding spermatid elongation and shaping the sperm cell.
    • The flagellum emerges from the basal body in a posterior direction during spermiogenesis.

    Timing and Group Dynamics

    • Approximately 64 days are required for spermatogenic cells to transition from final mitoses of spermatogonia to the formation of spermatids.
    • Clusters of cells linked through meiosis during spermiogenesis are referred to as syncytia.

    Functions of Accessory Glands and Ducts

    • Accessory glands secrete fluids that contribute to the composition of semen, providing nourishment and facilitating sperm mobility.
    • The semen mixture includes spermatozoa and secretions from accessory glands.
    • The ductus deferens stores sperm and introduces semen into the female reproductive tract during ejaculation.

    Hormonal and Muscular Control

    • Testosterone is vital for spermatogenesis and secretions from Sertoli cells.
    • The muscularis of the ductus deferens contains smooth muscle that aids in peristalsis during ejaculation.
    • Prostaglandins in seminal vesicle secretions influence female reproductive physiology.

    Testicular Structure and Functions

    • The tunica albuginea provides structural support to the testes, while the mediastinum testis houses blood vessels and ducts.
    • Each Sertoli cell can support approximately 50 developing germ cells.
    • Each testicle contains numerous testicular lobules, which house seminiferous tubules responsible for sperm production.

    Epididymis, Ductus Deferens, and Scrotum

    • The epididymis functions in sperm maturation and storage, with smooth muscle cells playing a role in sperm transport.
    • Circularly oriented smooth muscle in the efferent ductules is essential for sperm movement.
    • The scrotal sac maintains testicular temperature for optimal sperm development.

    Prostate Gland and Urethra

    • The prostate gland produces prostate-specific antigen (PSA), aiding in semen fluidity.
    • The corpora amylacea in prostatic glands may indicate normal aging changes or inflammation.
    • The urethra is lined with transitional epithelium, providing protection against urine and sperm.

    Seminal Vesicle Characteristics

    • Seminal vesicles contribute about 70% of the ejaculate with a secretion rich in fructose, providing energy for sperm motility.
    • The mucosal folds within the seminal vesicles enhance the surface area for secretion.

    Spermatic Cord and Blood Supply

    • The spermatic cord includes blood vessels supplying the testes, ensuring oxygen and nutrient delivery.

    Summary of Male Reproductive System Functions

    • The primary functions of the male reproductive system include sperm production, maturation, storage, and delivery during reproduction.
    • Accessory glands enhance the viability and motility of sperm through their secretions.
    • Effective coordination between various structures and hormones is crucial for successful male fertility.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the structure and function of Sertoli cells and their role in supporting developing germ cells. Learn about the ultrastructure of Sertoli cells and their relationship with spermatogenic cells. Test your knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the male reproductive system.

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