Intrinsic Motivation Test: Self-Determination Theory Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Match the following researchers with their contributions to entrepreneurship:

Liao and Welsch = Association of personality traits with entrepreneurial behaviors Price = Role of individual effort in competitive economies Manove = Importance of optimism in entrepreneurship Spence and Helmreich = Sex-role orientations and motivational qualities

Match the following personality traits with their descriptions:

Type A = Laid back and easygoing Type B = Possessing a sustained drive for success Masculinity = Motivational qualities associated with men Femininity = Motivational qualities associated with women

Match the following concepts with their definitions:

Aspiration level theory = Role of individual effort in competitive economies Necessity entrepreneurship = Entrepreneurship driven by necessity rather than opportunity Motivation in entrepreneurship = Sustained drive for success and willingness to compete Employee motivation = Motivational qualities associated with men and women

Match the following researchers with their theories:

Liao and Welsch = Aspiration level theory Price = Role of individual effort in competitive economies Manove = Importance of optimism in predicting bankruptcy Spence and Helmreich = Sex-role orientations and motivational qualities Signup and view all the answers

Match the following personality traits with their characteristics:

Type A = Competitive and driven Type B = Laid back and easygoing Masculinity = Associated with entrepreneurial behaviors Femininity = Associated with lifestyle ventures Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their applications:

Aspiration level theory = Predicting entrepreneurial success Necessity entrepreneurship = Descriptions of entrepreneurship driven by necessity Motivation in entrepreneurship = Understanding entrepreneurial behaviors Employee motivation = Improving productivity and performance Signup and view all the answers

Match the following researchers with their research areas:

Liao and Welsch = Personality traits and entrepreneurship Price = Role of individual effort in competitive economies Manove = Optimism and pessimism in entrepreneurs Spence and Helmreich = Gender-related traits and motivational qualities Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their relationships:

Type A personality = Sustained drive for success and willingness to compete Type B personality = Laid back and easygoing nature Masculinity and femininity = Motivational qualities and sex-role orientations Optimism and pessimism = Predicting entrepreneurial success and failure Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

Necessity entrepreneurship = Entrepreneurship driven by opportunity rather than necessity Motivation in entrepreneurship = Sustained drive for success and willingness to compete Employee motivation = Improving productivity and performance Aspiration level theory = Predicting entrepreneurial success based on personality traits Signup and view all the answers

Match the following researchers with their research methods:

Liao and Welsch = Examining the relationship between personality traits and entrepreneurship Price = Studying the role of individual effort in competitive economies Manove = Analyzing the impact of optimism and pessimism on entrepreneurial outcomes Spence and Helmreich = Investigating the relationship between gender-related traits and motivational qualities Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Self-Determination Theory (SDT)

Ryan and Deci (2000) identified three inherent psychological needs for self-motivation and personality integration: competence, relatedness, and autonomy.
When these needs are satisfied, individuals are more inclined to persist at completing tasks with intrinsic motivation.
If these needs are not fully met, individuals are more likely to be extrinsically motivated by external factors.

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation

Extrinsic and intrinsic motivations can occur together, but SDT helps determine the primary motivator.
Applied to entrepreneurs, the extent to which their venture fulfills the needs defined by SDT contributes to their intrinsic and extrinsic motivation levels.

Entrepreneurial Motivations

Entrepreneurs have been described as being fully absorbed in their ventures and even overcommitted to the point of obsession.
Intrinsic motivation can lead to higher organization and energy levels (Koch, 1956).
Entrepreneurs use their motivations to create ventures rather than just work in them.

Motivation Theories

Homans' (1961) motivational principles of hedonism and the theory of the "economic man" still have relevance to the study of mankind, especially the entrepreneur.
Psychological theories of motivation in learning, such as utilitarian emphasis on reward, drive reduction, pleasure, reinforcement, or satisfiers, can inform entrepreneurial research (Deutsch and Krauss, 1965).

Drive Theories and Incentive Theories

Motivation has been studied to answer three kinds of questions: what activates a person, what sustains their behavior, and what gives them a sense of fulfillment.
Drive theories propose that individuals possess a sustained drive for success, a willingness to compete, and habitual actions associated with mental and physical functions (Liao and Welsch, 2004).

Personality Traits

Individuals with Type A personalities are more competitive and driven, while those with Type B personalities are more laid back and easygoing.
Research is needed to examine whether individuals with certain types of personalities end up forming different types of firms.
Optimism versus pessimism in entrepreneurs may be beneficial in predicting bankruptcy or failures (Manove, 2000).
Gender-related traits, such as masculinity and femininity, have been shown to have "motivational qualities" and may influence entrepreneurial behavior (Spence and Helmreich, 1978).

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Description

Discover the three psychological needs essential for self-motivation and personality integration, as identified by Ryan and Deci in 2000. Learn how these needs impact intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Test your understanding of the Self-Determination Theory!