Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a psychological need for motivation according to Deci and Ryan's Self-Determination Theory?
According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which level of motivation is associated with self-actualisation?
What is the characteristic of a self-actualised person, according to Maslow?
What is amotivation, according to Deci and Ryan's Self-Determination Theory?
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Which of the following is an expanded need in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (1970)?
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What is the focus of Deci and Ryan's Self-Determination Theory?
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Study Notes
Sources of Motivation
- Physiological, cognitive, emotional, and social sources of motivation are key factors that drive human behavior.
Self-Determination Theory
- Deci and Ryan's (1985) Self-Determination Theory proposes three types of motivation: amotivation, extrinsic motivation, and intrinsic motivation.
- The theory suggests that psychological needs for motivation include autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
- Autonomy refers to a sense of volition and control over one's actions and decisions.
- Competence involves feeling effective and capable in one's endeavors.
- Relatedness involves feeling connected and valued by others.
Evaluating Self-Determination Theory
- The strengths of Self-Determination Theory include its ability to explain the different types of motivation and their underlying psychological needs.
- Limitations of the theory include its inability to account for individual differences and cultural variations in motivation.
Applying Self-Determination Theory
- Self-Determination Theory can be applied to real-world contexts, such as education and employment, to promote intrinsic motivation and improve performance.
Hierarchy of Needs (Maslow, 1954, 1970)
- Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs proposes that human motivation is driven by two types of needs: deficiency needs and growth needs.
- Deficiency needs include physiological needs, safety needs, love and belongingness needs, and esteem needs.
- Growth needs include self-actualization needs, which are driven by the desire for personal growth and development.
- The expanded hierarchy of needs (1970) includes cognitive, aesthetic, and transcendence needs.
- Self-actualization is characterized by a sense of purpose, autonomy, and self-awareness.
- Characteristics of a self-actualized person include creativity, spontaneity, and a focus on personal growth.
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Description
Understand the different sources of motivation, including physiological, cognitive, emotional, and social. Learn about Deci and Ryan's Self-Determination Theory, including amotivation, extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, and the psychological needs for motivation.
