Seismic Waves and Plate Boundaries Quiz

granite

basalt

colliding

<p>subducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>subducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>collide</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>past</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>away</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>tectonic plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>divergent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>convergent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>transform</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>magma</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>volcanoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>magma</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>divergent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>core</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>lithospheric plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>mountains</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>colliding</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>parallel</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>solid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>moving</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>earthquake</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>magma</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A divergent boundary occurs where two plates move apart, allowing magma, or molten rock, to rise from the Earth's interior to fill in the gap. The two plates move away from each other, creating a space for magma to rise and form new crust.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A convergent boundary occurs where one plate slides under another as the two are pushed together. If there is land at the edge of one of these plates, the ocean plate will subduct, or slide under that plate. The collision of the two plates can create mountain ranges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A collisional boundary occurs where two land masses on plates are pushed together. The land masses buckle and fold, creating mountain ranges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A transform boundary occurs where two plates slide against each other. The plates build up tension, then release the tension with a spurt of movement, resulting in an earthquake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The asthenosphere is a slowly flowing layer of solid and melted rock formed by heat and pressure. The lithosphere floats on top of the asthenosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The crust is the outermost layer of Earth. It is located above the mantle and is made up of solid rock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ocean trench is a long, narrow, deep area on the ocean floor that is formed at a convergent plate boundary. As one plate subducts, or slides under another, it creates a trench-like depression in the ocean floor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Volcanoes, mountains, trenches, and earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oceanic plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oceanic plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trenches</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transform plate boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Earthquakes and fault zones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Divergent plate boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The common features of mid-ocean ridges are volcanoes, earthquakes, and mountains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Moho is the boundary between the crust and the mantle in the Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The physical layers of the Earth are the inner core, outer core, mesosphere, asthenosphere, and lithosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The chemical layers of the Earth are the core (iron &amp; nickel), mantle (silicates), and crust (granite and basalt).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seismic waves are vibrations that travel throughout the Earth after an earthquake occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two types of body waves are P-waves and S-waves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surface waves are waves that travel along paths nearly parallel to the surface of the Earth and cause up and down and side to side movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mantle is a thick shell of dense, rocky matter that surrounds the earth's core. It is generally located from 35km to 2900km below the earth's surface. The mantle is ductile (flexible) and composed primarily of magnesium-iron silicate minerals such as olivine. It has an upper, partially-molten section, which is the source of magma and volcanic lava.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seafloor spreading is the process that forms new ocean floor and oceanic crust. Magma oozes up from the mantle through a crack in the ocean floor, filling in the space between the tectonic plates and spreading out from the plate boundary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A subduction zone is the place where one tectonic plate is getting bent and pulled under the edge of another plate. This results in the denser oceanic crust being subducted under the less dense continental crust, leading to the formation of mountains and volcanoes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>S-waves, also known as shear or secondary waves, are seismic body waves that are transmitted by alternating series of sideways (shear) movements in a solid. They are transverse waves. P-waves, also known as primary waves, are seismic body waves that are transmitted by alternating pulses of compression and expansion (push-pull). They are longitudinal waves, with their oscillation parallel to the direction the wave is moving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tectonic plates are several large slabs of the lithosphere that hold the continents and oceans and are slowly but constantly moving around the earth. They are responsible for phenomena such as continental drift, seismicity, volcanism, and mountain building.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A transform boundary is the boundary that occurs where two tectonic plates slide past each other. This movement is horizontal and is often felt as an earthquake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A trench is a deep valley that forms at the edge of a continent when an oceanic plate sinks underneath a continental plate. This process is known as subduction and results in the formation of a deep oceanic trench.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A tsunami is a huge ocean wave caused by a sudden, powerful shift on the ocean floor. This can be triggered by events such as an undersea earthquake, landslide, or volcanic eruption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The epicenter is the point on the earth's surface that is vertically above the focus of an earthquake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continental crust is thicker but less dense, while oceanic crust is thinner but more dense.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common features that form at convergent plate boundaries are volcanoes (only areas where subduction occurs), mountains, trenches, and earthquakes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At ocean-ocean convergent plate boundaries, one plate subducts below another plate and trenches form. Crust is destroyed and the deepest parts of the ocean can be found at these boundaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An example of an ocean-ocean convergent plate boundary is the Japan Trench.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At ocean-continental convergent plate boundaries, the oceanic plate subducts below the continental plate and trenches form. Crust is destroyed and the edges of the Pacific plate subduct for the most part.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An example of an ocean-continental convergent plate boundary is the Andes Mountains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At transform plate boundaries, two plates slide past each other. No crust is created or destroyed, but frequent earthquakes and fault zones are common.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A divergent boundary occurs where two plates move apart, allowing magma to rise and fill in the gap, while a convergent boundary occurs where one plate slides under another as the two are pushed together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The asthenosphere is a slowly flowing layer of solid and melted rock formed by heat and pressure, on which the plates of the lithosphere move or float.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subduction occurs at a convergent plate boundary when one plate slides under another. If there is land at the edge of one of these plates, the ocean plate will subduct or slide under that plate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A transform boundary occurs where two plates slide against each other. Unlike a divergent or convergent boundary, there is no creation or destruction of crust at a transform boundary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lithosphere is the solid outer part of Earth that includes the crust and upper mantle. It is made up of several constantly moving plates of solid rock that hold the continents and oceans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main types of seismic waves are P-waves, S-waves, and surface waves. P-waves are primary waves, travel fastest, and can travel through solids and liquids. S-waves are secondary waves, travel slower, and can only travel through solids. Surface waves are complex motion waves that cause the most damage to structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At a divergent boundary, magma, or molten rock, rises from the Earth's interior to fill in the gap created by the two plates moving apart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three main layers of the Earth are the crust, mantle, and core. The crust is the outermost layer and is the thinnest and coolest layer. The mantle is the middle layer and is composed of dense, rocky matter. The core is the innermost layer and is primarily made up of iron and nickel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pangaea was a supercontinent that existed more than 225 million years ago. It was a landmass in which the present-day continents were joined together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seafloor spreading is the process by which new ocean floor and oceanic crust are formed. Magma from the mantle oozes up through a crack in the ocean floor, filling in the space between tectonic plates and spreading out from the plate boundary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A subduction zone is a place where one tectonic plate is bent and pulled under the edge of another plate. In this process, the denser oceanic crust is subducted under the less dense continental crust, resulting in the formation of mountains and volcanoes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>S-waves, also known as shear or secondary waves, are seismic body waves transmitted by alternating series of sideways (shear) movements in a solid. They are transverse waves. P-waves, also known as primary waves, are seismic body waves transmitted by alternating pulses of compression and expansion in a solid. They are longitudinal waves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Richter Scale is a logarithmic scale ranging from 1 to 10 that measures the intensity of an earthquake. It quantifies the amount of energy released by an earthquake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A transform boundary is a type of plate boundary where two plates slide past each other horizontally. This movement is known as shear stress and is often accompanied by earthquakes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A trench is a deep valley that forms at the edge of a continent when an oceanic plate sinks underneath a continental plate. This process is known as subduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two types of body waves are S-waves (shear or secondary waves) and P-waves (primary waves). S-waves are transverse waves that move in a sideways (shear) motion, while P-waves are longitudinal waves that move in a push-pull motion parallel to the direction of the wave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most natural earthquakes are caused by sudden slippage along a fault zone. The elastic rebound theory suggests that if slippage along a fault is hindered such that elastic strain energy builds up in the deforming rocks on either side of the fault, when the slippage does occur, the energy released causes an earthquake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The different types of stress that can cause rock breakage include compression, tensional, and shear stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seismic waves are vibrations that travel throughout the Earth and are generated during an earthquake when the stored elastic energy is suddenly released.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two types of body waves are P-waves (primary waves) and S-waves (secondary waves). P-waves are longitudinal waves that travel with a velocity depending on the elastic properties of the rock. S-waves are transverse waves that travel through material by shearing it or changing its shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surface waves do not travel through the Earth like body waves, but instead travel along paths nearly parallel to the surface. They cause up and down and side to side movement, similar to S-waves, but travel slower and do not pass through the body of the Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The focus is the exact location within the Earth where seismic waves are generated by the sudden release of stored elastic energy. The epicenter is the point on the surface of the Earth directly above the focus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The chemical layers of the Earth are the core (iron &amp; nickel), mantle (silicates), and crust (granite and basalt).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Volcanoes, mountains, trenches, and earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crust formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Earthquakes and fault zones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Granite</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basalt</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continental-continental plate collision</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Convergent plate boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The elastic rebound theory suggests that if slippage along a fault is hindered such that elastic strain energy builds up in the deforming rocks on either side of the fault, when the slippage does occur, the energy released causes an earthquake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There are three types of seismic waves: P-waves, S-waves, and surface waves. P-waves are primary waves that travel with a velocity depending on the elastic properties of the rock. S-waves are secondary waves that travel by shearing or changing the shape of the material. Surface waves travel along paths parallel to the surface of the Earth and cause up and down and side to side movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The focus is the exact location within the Earth where seismic waves are generated by the sudden release of stored elastic energy. The epicenter is the point on the surface of the Earth directly above the focus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The physical layers of the Earth are the inner core, outer core, mesosphere, asthenosphere, and lithosphere. The inner core is solid, the outer core is liquid, the mesosphere is solid and rigid, the asthenosphere is a layer of hot magma with convection currents, and the lithosphere is the rigid outer part of the Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The chemical layers of the Earth are the core (iron and nickel), mantle (silicates), and crust (granite and basalt).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Moho is the boundary between the crust and the mantle in the Earth. It separates the outer rocky layer (crust) from the layer below (mantle).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mid-ocean ridges form at divergent plate boundaries where two plates move apart. Common features include volcanoes, earthquakes, and mountains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subduction at a convergent plate boundary occurs when one plate slides beneath another. The denser oceanic plate subducts beneath the less dense continental plate. This process leads to the formation of mountain ranges as the subducted plate melts and creates magma, which rises to the surface and forms volcanoes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lithosphere is the solid outer part of the Earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle. It is rigid and broken into several tectonic plates. The asthenosphere is a semi-liquid layer beneath the lithosphere, where the plates of the lithosphere move or float. It is malleable and flows slowly due to heat and pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transform plate boundaries occur where two plates slide against each other horizontally. They neither create nor destroy lithosphere, but rather accommodate the movement between two plates. Transform boundaries are responsible for releasing accumulated stress and causing earthquakes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seafloor spreading occurs at divergent plate boundaries where two plates move apart. Magma rises from the mantle and fills the gap, creating new oceanic crust. This process is significant because it provides evidence for plate tectonics and helps explain the movement of continents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There are four main types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries where plates move apart, convergent boundaries where plates collide, transform boundaries where plates slide against each other, and collisional boundaries where land masses on plates are pushed together. Each type of boundary has distinct geological features and processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continental drift is the idea that continents have moved and are still moving over the Earth's surface. It was proposed by Alfred Wegener in the early 20th century. The observation of matching coastlines and similar rock formations on different continents provided evidence for continental drift. This concept eventually led to the development of the theory of plate tectonics, which explains the movement of the Earth's lithospheric plates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A hot spot is formed when a plume of very hot rock rises from the mantle to the Earth's surface. This plume creates a volcanic eruption, resulting in the formation of a volcano. As the tectonic plate moves over the stationary hot spot, a chain of volcanoes is formed. The impact of hot spots can be seen in the formation of island chains, such as the Hawaiian Islands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seafloor spreading is the process by which new ocean floor and oceanic crust are formed. Magma oozes up from the mantle through a crack in the ocean floor, filling in the space between tectonic plates and spreading out from the plate boundary. As the magma cools and solidifies, it forms new rock, contributing to the growth of the oceanic crust.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A subduction zone is a place where one tectonic plate is being forced beneath another plate. The denser oceanic crust is subducted under the less dense continental crust, resulting in the formation of mountains and volcanoes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plate tectonics is the theory that describes the movement and interaction of the Earth's lithospheric plates. It explains the global distribution of geological phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic activity, continental drift, and mountain building. Understanding plate tectonics is crucial for studying Earth's dynamic processes and predicting natural hazards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A continental collision zone is a convergent plate boundary where two continents collide together. As a result, mountains are created. The collision causes intense compression and folding of the crust, leading to the formation of large mountain ranges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A trench is a deep valley that forms at the edge of a continent when an oceanic plate sinks beneath a continental plate at a convergent plate boundary. The sinking of the oceanic plate into the mantle creates a subduction zone, which leads to the formation of a trench.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>S-waves, also known as shear or secondary waves, are seismic body waves that are transmitted by alternating series of sideways (shear) movements in a solid. They are transverse waves, meaning their oscillation is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Latitude is part of a grid used to describe positions on Earth's surface. It consists of parallel circles that measure a place's distance north or south of the equator. Latitude is measured in degrees and helps determine a location's position in relation to the equator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mantle is the thick shell of dense, rocky matter that surrounds the Earth's core. It is primarily composed of magnesium-iron silicate minerals such as olivine. The mantle has an upper, partially-molten section, which is the source of magma and volcanic lava.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Moho, short for Mohorovičić discontinuity, is the boundary between the Earth's crust and mantle. Its discovery provided evidence for the existence of distinct layers within the Earth's interior and helped further the understanding of Earth's structure and composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers