Geological Formation of Continental Crust
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism by which an andesitic island arc is formed?

  • hotspot volcanic activity and mantle plumes
  • Subduction of oceanic lithosphere and partial melting of basaltic oceanic crust (correct)
  • Weathering and erosion of existing continental crust
  • Continental drift and collision
  • What is the source of granitic magma in the context of continental formation?

  • Partial melting of andesite (correct)
  • Partial melting of basaltic oceanic crust
  • Weathering and erosion of existing continental crust
  • Mantle plumes and hotspots
  • What is the result of the collision of two island arcs?

  • The formation of a continental core (correct)
  • The formation of a hotspot volcanic chain
  • The formation of a new oceanic basin
  • The formation of a new island arc
  • What is the role of the asthenosphere in the context of continental formation?

    <p>It facilitates the flow of mantle material beneath the island arc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the continental nucleus?

    <p>Andesitic crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the formation of an andesitic island arc and the formation of granitic continental crust?

    <p>The formation of an andesitic island arc is a precursor to the formation of granitic continental crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate result of the process described in Figure 8.5?

    <p>The formation of a continental core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of partial melting of basaltic oceanic crust in the context of continental formation?

    <p>It provides the source of granitic magma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to have occurred during the formation of greenstone belts?

    <p>Increased volcanic activity and faster plate movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is currently happening in terms of plate movement and volcanic activity?

    <p>Slower plate movement and less volcanic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rocks accumulate in back-arc basins, according to one model of greenstone belt formation?

    <p>Volcanic and sedimentary rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the process of continent growth occur?

    <p>During the Precambrian era</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of more residual heat and radiogenic heat?

    <p>More volcanic activity and faster plate movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current understanding of greenstone belts and their formation?

    <p>The process is not fully understood and is still being researched</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to have been the result of more volcanic activity and faster plate movement during the Archean eon?

    <p>More continent growth and volcanic eruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the geological structure that forms in back-arc basins and eventually evolves into a greenstone belt?

    <p>Greenstone belt precursor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to have occurred during the Mesoarchean and Neoarchean periods?

    <p>The assembly of supercontinents, such as Vaalbara and Kenorland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is thought to have resulted in the accumulation of the atmosphere?

    <p>Outgassing involving the release of gases from Earth's interior during volcanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the supercontinent that may have existed from 3.1 to 2.8 billion years ago?

    <p>Vaalbara</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of event is depicted in Figure 8.11?

    <p>Mountain building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the origin of some of the Archean rocks in several parts of the Canadian Shield?

    <p>Deformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thought to have been released from Earth's interior during volcanism?

    <p>Gases, including hydrogen and nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the supercontinent that may have assembled by 2.7 billion years ago?

    <p>Kenorland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the time period during which the assembly of supercontinents, such as Vaalbara and Kenorland, is believed to have occurred?

    <p>Mesoarchean and Neoarchean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sedimentary rocks are likely to form in a muddy ocean bottom?

    <p>Muddy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the geological formation that resulted from the transgression of the Tippe-canoe Sea?

    <p>St. Peters Formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the geological structure that forms in back-arc basins and eventually evolves into a greenstone belt?

    <p>Cordilleran Mobile Belt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rocks are likely to accumulate in back-arc basins?

    <p>Greenstone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the collision of two island arcs?

    <p>Formation of an andesitic island arc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of partial melting of basaltic oceanic crust in the context of continental formation?

    <p>Formation of granitic magma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the continental nucleus?

    <p>Granitic rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the formation of an andesitic island arc and the formation of granitic continental crust?

    <p>They are related processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate result of the process described in Figure 8.5?

    <p>Formation of granitic continental crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of event is depicted in Figure 8.11?

    <p>Collision of two island arcs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of hydraulic fracturing sands?

    <p>To create permeable passageways for oil or gas to migrate to the well</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of rock predominantly contains the mineral deposits mentioned?

    <p>Ordovician rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which geological period have the mentioned mineral deposits been largely depleted?

    <p>Ordovician</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does most of the lead and zinc mined in Missouri currently come from?

    <p>Mississippian-age sedimentary rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological time period is associated with the oldest given rock formations in the provided hierarchy?

    <p>Cambrian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the text is protected by copyright according to the provided section?

    <p>All content excluding third party material if suppressed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formation is known for its almost pure quartz composition used in manufacturing glass?

    <p>St. Peter Sandstone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which geologic periods did the deposition of the Tippecanoe Sequence occur?

    <p>Middle Ordovician to Early Devonian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological event caused the deposition of shales in the eastern portion of the craton?

    <p>Weathering and erosion of the Taconic Highlands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant geological process marks the beginning of the Tippecanoe Sequence?

    <p>Major transgression onto the craton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the St. Peter Sandstone primarily consist of?

    <p>Quartz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological feature marks the farthest extent of detrital sediments in the eastern craton?

    <p>Shales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Tippecanoe Sequence was impacted by a tectonic event in which mobile belt?

    <p>Appalachian Mobile Belt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'transgression' refer to in the context of the Tippecanoe Sequence?

    <p>Inundation of land by the sea</p> Signup and view all the answers

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