Sedatives and Hypnotics Classification and Mechanism of Action

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What is the primary therapeutic use of barbiturates?

To induce CNS depression in toxic doses
To treat anxiety
In the treatment of epilepsy (correct)
As a skeletal muscle relaxant

Which of the following is a common side effect of barbiturates in toxic doses?

Hypotension (correct)
Skeletal muscle relaxation
CNS stimulation
Anticonvulsant effect

What is the primary use of the barbiturate thiopental?

Intramuscular injection for skeletal muscle relaxation
Topical application for the treatment of anxiety
Oral administration for the treatment of epilepsy
Intravenous administration as a general anesthetic (correct)

Which of the following is a therapeutic effect of barbiturates?

Anticonvulsant effect (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between barbiturates and the medication midazolam?

Midazolam is an example of a barbiturate-like medication (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a condition characterized by an abnormally high level of calcium in the blood?

Hypercalcemia (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a condition characterized by an abnormally low level of potassium in the blood?

Hypokalemia (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a condition characterized by an abnormally high level of sodium in the blood?

Hypernatremia (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a condition characterized by an abnormally high volume of fluid in the body?

Hypervolemia (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about insulin and noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus is correct?

Insulin could be used in patients with noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Acarbose is correct?

Acarbose is known to cause hepatotoxicity as a side effect. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a pharmacological effect of insulin?

Hypoglycemia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct statement about the true or false options provided?

The options are 'True' and 'False'. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most likely reason for the inclusion of the true/false options in the given text?

To test the reader's knowledge of true/false statements. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the dash (-) in the text?

The dash (-) is not used in the given text. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action for sedatives and hypnotics such as barbiturates and benzodiazepines?

Activating chloride channels through GABA receptors (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which classification of sedatives or hypnotics is known for its ultra-short acting duration?

Ultra-short acting Zdrugs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the activation of chloride channels by sedatives and hypnotics have on nerve cells?

Hyperpolarization (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is involved in the mechanism of action of sedatives and hypnotics?

Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do barbiturates and benzodiazepines affect chloride channels in nerve cells?

Activate and open the channels (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of benzodiazepines according to the text?

Treatment of anxiety (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a side effect associated with long-term use of benzodiazepines?

Tolerance and dependence (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of tolerance?

Decreased response to the effects of drugs with time after long-term use (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following side effects is associated with barbiturates, according to the text?

Respiratory depression (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which element's blood level can be decreased by cortisol, according to the last question in the text?

The text does not specify the element (B) Signup and view all the answers