Questions and Answers
What is Temazepam commonly known as?
What type of drug is Phenobarbital?
Anticonvulsant Barbiturate
Chlorpromazine is classified as what type of tranquilizer?
Major tranquilizer
What is the primary use for Cyclobenzaprine?
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What class of medication is Amitriptyline?
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What is Haloperidol used for?
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What is Midazolam used for?
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What type of drug is Sertraline?
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What is Olanzapine primarily used for?
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Diseazepam is long-acting and can be used for status epilepticus. What is its brand name?
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What does flurazepam do?
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What is the primary use of Zolpidem?
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What type of drug is buspirone?
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Flumazenil is known as the _____ of benzodiazepine sedation.
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Chlordiazepoxide is a short-acting benzodiazepine.
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Study Notes
Sedative - Hypnotics Overview
- Sedative-hypnotics are classified mainly into benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and miscellaneous hypnotics.
- Benzodiazepines are often used for anxiety, sleep issues, and seizure management due to their calming effects.
Key Benzodiazepines
- Temazepam (Restoril): Short-acting hypnotic for sleep.
- Lorazepam (Ativan): Short-acting, used in status epilepticus; requires refrigeration.
- Oxazepam (Serax): Short-acting sedative, utilized for anxiety and sleep.
- Diazepam (Valium): Long-acting, indicated for status epilepticus and pre-procedure sedation.
- Clorazepate (Tranxene): Long-acting, often used in alcohol withdrawal treatment.
- Midazolam (Versed): Short-acting, administered before procedures.
Key Barbiturates
- Phenobarbital: Anticonvulsant barbiturate; can be used as a sedative.
- Thiopental (Pentothal): Anesthetic used in surgeries and the death penalty; also causes hyperalgesia.
- Pentobarbital (Nembutal): Hypnotic barbiturate for severe insomnia.
Major Tranquilizers
- Chlorpromazine (Thorazine): Phenothiazine major tranquilizer for severe mental illnesses.
- Haloperidol (Haldol): Butyrophenone tranquilizer with low anticholinergic activity.
- Olanzapine (Zyprexa): Atypical antipsychotic used for long-term management of disorders.
Miscellaneous Hypnotics
- Zolpidem (Ambien): Most prescribed hypnotic; increases total sleep time.
- Eszopiclone (Lunesta): Known for causing a bitter taste; effective as a sleep aid.
- Zaleplon (Sonata): Short-acting hypnotic for insomnia; effective for difficulty falling asleep.
- Buspirone (Buspar): Non-controlled antianxiety medication, takes about 7 days to be effective.
Important Considerations
- Flumazenil: Antidote for benzodiazepine overdose or sedation.
- Chloral Hydrate (Noctec): Miscellaneous hypnotic that can be lethal if combined with alcohol.
- Tricyclic Antidepressants: Amintriptyline (Elavil) is a common example but primarily used for depression.
Safety Notes
- Benzodiazepines can lead to dependency; careful management is required, especially in patients with addiction history.
- Barbiturates have a higher risk of overdose compared to benzodiazepines due to their narrow therapeutic window.
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Description
Test your knowledge on sedative and hypnotic drug classifications with these flashcards. Learn about various medications, their categories, and uses, including benzodiazepines and barbiturates. Perfect for students in pharmacology or those preparing for exams.
