Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary distinction between acquisition and learning according to Krashen?
What is the primary distinction between acquisition and learning according to Krashen?
- Acquisition involves conscious rules, while learning is subconscious.
- Acquisition is a natural process, whereas learning is a structured activity. (correct)
- Acquisition occurs later in life than learning.
- Acquisition requires formal education, while learning occurs naturally.
According to the Natural Order Hypothesis, what does it suggest about language acquisition?
According to the Natural Order Hypothesis, what does it suggest about language acquisition?
- The acquisition of language structures occurs in a predictable pattern. (correct)
- Languages can only be learned in a specific classroom setting.
- All learners will acquire language structures in the same exact order.
- The order of acquired structures may vary greatly between learners.
What role does the 'monitor' play in Krashen’s Monitor Hypothesis?
What role does the 'monitor' play in Krashen’s Monitor Hypothesis?
- It eliminates the need for acquiring grammatical rules.
- It influences the level of language exposure.
- It helps in spontaneous language production.
- It provides feedback after a mistake has been made. (correct)
What does the Input Hypothesis emphasize as most crucial for language acquisition?
What does the Input Hypothesis emphasize as most crucial for language acquisition?
In Krashen’s view, what is the relationship between comprehensible input and learner challenge?
In Krashen’s view, what is the relationship between comprehensible input and learner challenge?
What must occur for the monitor to function effectively according to Krashen?
What must occur for the monitor to function effectively according to Krashen?
What is the concept of 'i + 1' in the context of comprehensible input?
What is the concept of 'i + 1' in the context of comprehensible input?
Which of the following best describes 'caretaker speech' in language learning?
Which of the following best describes 'caretaker speech' in language learning?
What is the primary consideration for developing a curriculum according to learner characteristics?
What is the primary consideration for developing a curriculum according to learner characteristics?
Which of the following is essential when choosing a thematic centre for curriculum development?
Which of the following is essential when choosing a thematic centre for curriculum development?
What are culture outcomes in a curriculum meant to reflect?
What are culture outcomes in a curriculum meant to reflect?
What characterizes the structure of a curriculum comprising thematic centres?
What characterizes the structure of a curriculum comprising thematic centres?
What aspect of a teacher's background influences curriculum decisions significantly?
What aspect of a teacher's background influences curriculum decisions significantly?
Which type of outcomes are associated with functional language within the thematic unit?
Which type of outcomes are associated with functional language within the thematic unit?
How does the spiral character of the general elementary school curriculum function?
How does the spiral character of the general elementary school curriculum function?
What role does a pupil's linguistic background play in curriculum development?
What role does a pupil's linguistic background play in curriculum development?
What do children between the ages of 3 and 7 lack an understanding of regarding language?
What do children between the ages of 3 and 7 lack an understanding of regarding language?
What factor is crucial for children in preparing the basis for language development before acquiring their L1?
What factor is crucial for children in preparing the basis for language development before acquiring their L1?
Why might young children not show commitment to learning a second language?
Why might young children not show commitment to learning a second language?
What medium do young children primarily rely on for learning language?
What medium do young children primarily rely on for learning language?
What can enhance the potential for young children to learn a second language?
What can enhance the potential for young children to learn a second language?
What is a key aspect of the relationship between parents and their babies during early language development?
What is a key aspect of the relationship between parents and their babies during early language development?
What is a common characteristic observed in both first and second language acquisition?
What is a common characteristic observed in both first and second language acquisition?
What area has not been extensively researched regarding learning a second language in young children?
What area has not been extensively researched regarding learning a second language in young children?
What might teachers do to help children see and learn lip movements in language acquisition?
What might teachers do to help children see and learn lip movements in language acquisition?
How does the L1 influence children's learning when acquiring a second language?
How does the L1 influence children's learning when acquiring a second language?
What does recent theory suggest about the role of imitation and repetition in language learning?
What does recent theory suggest about the role of imitation and repetition in language learning?
According to studies, how do children initially attempt to produce speech?
According to studies, how do children initially attempt to produce speech?
What is telegraphic speech characterized by?
What is telegraphic speech characterized by?
How should the contexts in which each language is used be managed according to early bilingual studies?
How should the contexts in which each language is used be managed according to early bilingual studies?
What traditional view about language learning is being challenged by recent theories?
What traditional view about language learning is being challenged by recent theories?
What is a common strategy children use in language learning during the early stages?
What is a common strategy children use in language learning during the early stages?
What is a primary use of pictures in communication games?
What is a primary use of pictures in communication games?
What aspect of pictures relates to enhancing student engagement?
What aspect of pictures relates to enhancing student engagement?
Which of the following is NOT a way pictures can be used to check understanding?
Which of the following is NOT a way pictures can be used to check understanding?
In which scenario would pictures be used for prediction?
In which scenario would pictures be used for prediction?
What quality needs to be present in pictures to effectively engage students?
What quality needs to be present in pictures to effectively engage students?
What type of activity could involve students inventing a story using pictures?
What type of activity could involve students inventing a story using pictures?
Which question type is likely to be stimulated by discussing pictures?
Which question type is likely to be stimulated by discussing pictures?
What is a method to use pictures for understanding in lessons?
What is a method to use pictures for understanding in lessons?
Study Notes
Second Language Acquisition Theories
- Acquisition vs. Learning: Children acquire language naturally; parents learn it through formal rules.
- Natural Order Hypothesis: Language structures are acquired in a predictable sequence regardless of the learner.
- Monitor Hypothesis: The brain's monitor applies learned rules to refine language output and correct errors in real time.
- Input Hypothesis: Emphasizes the necessity of comprehensible input; learners acquire language when exposed to language slightly beyond their current understanding (i + 1).
Classroom Implications
- Exclusivity of Target Language: Effective language acquisition necessitates teaching exclusively in the target language, ensuring messages are understood through various methods (gestures, examples).
- Learner and Teacher Characteristics: Curriculum development should consider learners' backgrounds, developmental levels, and teachers' experiences with the target culture.
- Thematic Centre: Central to curriculum development, reflecting the interests of pupils and teachers while aligned with educational goals.
Curriculum Components and Outcomes
- Functional Language Outcomes: Essential language needed for the theme under discussion.
- Subject Content Outcomes: Reinforcement of concepts from the broader elementary curriculum.
- Cultural Outcomes: Opportunities to engage with community-specific behaviors and thought patterns.
Early Language Awareness in Children
- Age 3-7 Language Awareness: Children recognize communication but do not see language as a system of rules yet; they learn through interaction rather than formal education.
- Importance of L1 Experiences: Early interactions foster essential communication skills and form a basis for subsequent language learning.
Bilingual Learning Contexts
- Differentiated Language Use: Clear distinctions between contexts for each language help children establish when to use L1 or L2, often linked to specific people or situations.
Strategies in Language Learning
- Imitation and Repetition: While previously dominant views emphasized imitation, newer theories highlight innate mechanisms for language learning.
- Creativity in Speech Production: Children progress from imitating single words to producing telegraphic speech through creative combinations.
Interactive Learning Techniques
- Drill Practices: Cue-response drills and flashcards enhance vocabulary and grammar practice.
- Communication Games: Engaging activities encourage creativity, such as story-telling from prompts.
- Understanding Assessments: Visual aids can assess comprehension in reading and listening.
- Ornamentation: Visual elements enrich texts and engage students more effectively.
- Prediction Exercises: Stimulating discussions about visuals can enhance engagement and language skills.
- Discussion Prompts: Pictures can incite deeper questions and creative responses from students.
Effective Picture Use
- Pictures must possess certain qualities to engage students and promote learning effectively.
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Description
Explore the key hypotheses of second-language acquisition as proposed by Stephen Krashen. Understand the differences between language acquisition and learning, and how children acquire language naturally while parents learn rules. This quiz will test your knowledge of Krashen's theories and their implications.
