Science Quiz: Pure Substances and Mixtures
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an example of a pure substance?

  • Air
  • Gold (correct)
  • Sugar solution
  • Salt water

Which of these is NOT a pure substance?

  • Milk (correct)
  • Mercury (Hg)
  • Carbon dioxide (CO2)
  • Iron (Fe)

What is the chemical formula for water?

  • H2O (correct)
  • NaCl
  • CO2
  • O2

What is the difference between an element and a compound?

<p>Elements are made up of only one type of atom, while compounds are made up of two or more different types of atoms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a compound?

<p>Salt (NaCl) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating population density?

<p>Total Population / Area (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unit is used to measure the distance between Earth and the Sun?

<p>Astronomical Units (AU) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating the cost of electricity?

<p>Power * Time * Rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is classified as a pure substance?

<p>Hydrogen gas (B), Sodium chloride (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a physical property of matter?

<p>The boiling point of water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a chemical change?

<p>Burning wood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element has the symbol 'Mg'?

<p>Magnesium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for potassium carbonate?

<p>K2CO3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a clue that a chemical change has occurred?

<p>Change in shape (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Classifying matter as a homogeneous mixture or a heterogeneous mixture depends on?

<p>The uniformity of the mixture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an accurate description of the relationship between elements and compounds?

<p>Compounds are made up of elements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of star is our Sun currently classified as?

<p>Main Sequence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a factor that influences a star's apparent brightness?

<p>Age of the star (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the reason satellite telescopes offer clearer images than land-based telescopes?

<p>They are unaffected by atmospheric interference. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary evidence for the expanding universe?

<p>The red shift observed in light from distant galaxies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a red giant and a white dwarf?

<p>Red giants are larger and cooler than white dwarfs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Hubble and JWST telescopes?

<p>They are both space-based telescopes that provide unprecedented views of the universe. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an elliptical galaxy?

<p>Contains arms like a spiral galaxy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does analyzing a star's light spectrum help scientists understand its composition?

<p>The spectrum shows unique absorption lines that correspond to different elements present. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct location of an electron within an atom?

<p>In the electron cloud around the nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subatomic particle has a neutral charge?

<p>Neutron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a habitat?

<p>The physical environment where a species lives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes organisms that produce their own food?

<p>Autotrophs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between abiotic and biotic factors?

<p>Abiotic factors are non-living; biotic factors are living (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following examples is NOT a decomposer?

<p>Grass (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a food chain, which organism is typically found at the second trophic level?

<p>Primary consumer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'niche' refer to in ecology?

<p>The role of an organism in its environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the number of electrons when an object becomes negatively charged?

<p>It gains electrons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does grounding an object affect its charge?

<p>It neutralizes excess electrons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method of charging a neutral object involves direct contact?

<p>Conduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily causes you to gain a negative charge when walking on carpet with socks?

<p>Friction between the socks and carpet. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when a negatively charged person touches a neutral doorknob?

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When a neutral object gains a negative charge, which of the following statements is TRUE?

<p>The object gains electrons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods of charging a neutral object involves direct contact?

<p>Conduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When you walk on a carpet in your socks, you gain a negative charge. What is the primary reason for this?

<p>The carpet loses electrons to your socks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when you touch a neutral doorknob after walking on a carpet in your socks and gaining a negative charge?

<p>Electrons flow from your body to the doorknob. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of grounding an object?

<p>To create a path for excess charge to flow to the Earth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is lightning formed?

<p>Induction causes a separation of charges within the clouds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the resistance of a circuit with a potential difference of 4V and a current of 0.35A?

<p>11.43 ohms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a renewable resource?

<p>Solar Energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct chemical symbol for the element oxygen?

<p>O (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property is characteristic of nonmetals?

<p>Dull appearance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the periodic table, which of the following elements has the symbol 'P'?

<p>Phosphorus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would you describe the malleability of metals?

<p>Easily hammered into sheets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the volume of a substance with a mass of 25 g and a density of 1.4 g/mL?

<p>17.85 mL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies the elements in the compound NH3?

<p>Nitrogen, hydrogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is represented by the symbol 'Ca'?

<p>Calcium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of metals compared to nonmetals?

<p>Good conductors of heat and electricity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pure Substance

A substance made up of only one type of particle.

Element

A pure substance made up of only one type of atom.

Compound

A pure substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined.

Mixture

A material composed of two or more substances that are not chemically combined and can be separated by physical means.

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Physical Property

A characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's chemical composition.

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Chemical Property

A characteristic of a substance that describes how it reacts with other substances to form new substances.

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Physical Change

A change in which the substance's chemical composition remains unchanged.

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Chemical Change

A change in which the substance's chemical composition changes, producing a new substance.

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Malleability

The ability of a substance to be hammered into thin sheets.

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Conductivity

The ability of a substance to conduct heat and electricity.

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Lustre

The ability of a substance to reflect light.

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Density

The ratio of mass to volume.

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What is Ecology?

The study of how living organisms interact with each other and their environment.

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What is the Biosphere?

The part of Earth where life exists, including all living organisms and their environments.

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What is a Habitat?

The place where an organism lives.

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What is a Population?

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area.

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What is a Community?

All the different populations of organisms living in the same area.

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What is an Ecosystem?

All the living organisms and the non-living factors in a particular area.

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What is a Niche?

The role an organism plays in its ecosystem, including its food sources, habitat, and interactions with other organisms.

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What are Abiotic Factors?

Non-living factors in an ecosystem, such as temperature, water, and sunlight.

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How does an object become negatively charged?

An object becomes negatively charged when it gains extra electrons, making the number of electrons greater than the number of protons.

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How does an object become positively charged?

An object becomes positively charged when it loses electrons, resulting in fewer electrons than protons.

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How does an object become neutral?

A neutral object has an equal number of electrons and protons, resulting in no overall charge.

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What is electrostatic induction?

Induction is a method of charging a neutral object by bringing a charged object close to it, causing the charges within the neutral object to separate. This creates an opposite charge on the surface of the neutral object without direct contact.

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What is electrostatic conduction?

Conduction is a method of charging a neutral object by transferring charges from a charged object to it through direct contact. The type of charge on the neutral object will be the same as that of the charged object.

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What is charging by friction?

Friction is a method of charging a neutral object by rubbing it against another object. The rubbing causes electrons to be transferred from one object to the other, leaving one object with a positive charge and the other with a negative charge.

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What is an 'open' circuit?

A circuit allows charges to flow continuously in a closed loop. If there's a gap in the loop (like a broken wire), the flow of charge stops, and the circuit is considered open.

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What is a series circuit?

A circuit where all components are connected in a single path, so that the same current flows through each component.

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What is the way to tell the elements in a star?

A method to identify the elements present in a star by analyzing the light it emits. Scientists use a spectrometer to observe the characteristic absorption lines in the spectrum, corresponding to specific elements.

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What is apparent magnitude in astronomy?

The brightness of a star as seen from Earth. It depends on the star's actual luminosity (how much light it emits) and its distance from Earth.

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What is the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram (H-R Diagram)?

A diagram plotting stars based on their temperature (on the horizontal axis) and luminosity (on the vertical axis). It reveals relationships between a star's temperature, size, and evolutionary stage.

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What is a spiral galaxy?

A type of galaxy characterized by a central bulge and spiral arms containing stars, gas, and dust. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is a spiral galaxy.

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What is an elliptical galaxy?

A type of galaxy with an oval or elliptical shape, containing less gas and dust compared to spiral galaxies.

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What is redshift in astronomy?

The shifting of light from distant galaxies towards the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum, indicating that these galaxies are moving away from us. It supports the theory of an expanding universe.

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What are artificial satellites?

Objects placed in orbit around a planet, primarily used for various purposes like communication, navigation, and scientific observation.

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What are satellite-based telescopes?

Telescopes placed in space, beyond Earth's atmosphere, providing clearer views of celestial objects because they avoid atmospheric distortion and interference.

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Study Notes

Formula Table

  • 1 AU = 1.5 x 108 km
  • 1 ly = 9.46 x 1012 km
  • Speed of light = 3 x 105 km/s
  • Speed = Distance/Time

Ecosystems

  • Population Density = Total Population/Area
  • Population Growth = (Births + Immigration) – (Deaths + Emigration)

Chemistry

Matter Classification

  • Pure Substances:
    • Element: Made up of only one type of atom (e.g., oxygen)
    • Compound: Made up of two or more elements (e.g., H2O)
  • Mixtures:
    • Homogeneous: Uniform mixture (e.g., salt water)
    • Heterogeneous: Non-uniform mixture (e.g., sand in water)

Classification of Matter

  • Pure Substances:

    • Element: A pure substance made up of only one type of atom.
    • Compound: A pure substance made up of two or more elements.

  • Mixtures:

    • Homogeneous: A mixture where the components are evenly distributed.
    • Heterogeneous: A mixture where the components are not evenly distributed.

Physical and Chemical Properties

  • Physical Property: Describes the appearance or characteristics of a substance without changing its chemical composition (e.g., color, shape, size).
  • Physical Change: Alters the physical form of a substance without changing its chemical composition (e.g., melting, freezing).
  • Chemical Property: Describes how a substance reacts with other substances to form new substances (e.g., flammability).
  • Chemical Change: Alters the chemical composition of a substance, forming new substances (e.g., burning, rusting).

Clues of a Chemical Change

  • Odor change
  • Temperature change
  • Gas production
  • Precipitation
  • Color change

Elements

Symbol Element Name
Cl Chlorine
C Carbon
Ne Neon
N Nitrogen
He Helium
F Fluorine
Ca Calcium
Mg Magnesium
Si Silicon
S Sulfur
P Phosphorus
K Potassium

Properties of Metals and Nonmetals

Property Metal Nonmetal
Lustre Shiny (metallic luster) Dull (except for a few like iodine)
Malleability Malleable (can be hammered into sheets) Brittle (breaks when hammered)
Conductivity Good conductors of heat and electricity Poor conductors (insulators)

Atomic Structure

Subatomic Particle Charge Location
Proton + Inside nucleus
Neutron 0 Inside nucleus
Electron - Outside nucleus

Atomic Structure Data

Element (symbol) Atomic Number Mass Number Number of Electrons Number of Protons Number of Neutrons
K 19 39 19 19 20
Al 13 27 13 13 14

Ecology

  • Ecology: The definition for how living things interact with each other and their environment.
  • Biosphere Layers: Hydrosphere (water), Atmosphere (air), Lithosphere (rocks)
  • Habitat: The specific area where an animal lives
  • Population: A group of the same animals in a particular area
  • Community: A group of different animals living in the same area
  • Ecosystem: All living things in a biological community in a specified area
  • Niche: The process of how animals find food
  • Autotroph: Makes its own food
  • Heterotroph: Eats other living things
  • Producer: Creates food for others
  • Consumer: Eats plants or animals for energy.
  • Decomposer: Breaks down dead things for nutrients
  • Scavenger: Eats dead animals

Calculating Volume

  • Density = Mass/Volume
  • Volume = Mass/Density

Compounds

  • NH3: Nitrogen and Hydrogen
  • 2 CaCO3: Calcium and Carbon
  • Ca(NO3)2 : Calcium and nitrogen

Electricity

  • Static Electricity: Buildup of electrons on a surface that do not need a circuit.
  • Current Electricity: A steady flow of electrons between objects that needs a conductor and a circuit.
  • Insulator: A substance that slows energy transfer.
  • Conductor: A substance that allows energy to pass

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Description

Test your understanding of pure substances, elements, compounds, and their properties with this comprehensive quiz. Explore the differences between physical and chemical changes, as well as important formulas in science. Perfect for students in chemistry or general science classes!

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