Science Quiz: Pure Substances and Mixtures
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an example of a pure substance?

  • Air
  • Gold (correct)
  • Sugar solution
  • Salt water

    • Which of these is NOT a pure substance?

  • Milk (correct)
  • Mercury (Hg)
  • Carbon dioxide (CO2)
  • Iron (Fe)

    • What is the chemical formula for water?

  • H2O (correct)
  • NaCl
  • CO2
  • O2

    • What is the difference between an element and a compound?

    <p>Elements are made up of only one type of atom, while compounds are made up of two or more different types of atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a compound?

    <p>Salt (NaCl)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating population density?

    <p>Total Population / Area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unit is used to measure the distance between Earth and the Sun?

    <p>Astronomical Units (AU)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the cost of electricity?

    <p>Power * Time * Rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is classified as a pure substance?

    <p>Hydrogen gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a physical property of matter?

    <p>The boiling point of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a chemical change?

    <p>Burning wood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element has the symbol 'Mg'?

    <p>Magnesium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for potassium carbonate?

    <p>K2CO3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a clue that a chemical change has occurred?

    <p>Change in shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Classifying matter as a homogeneous mixture or a heterogeneous mixture depends on?

    <p>The uniformity of the mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an accurate description of the relationship between elements and compounds?

    <p>Compounds are made up of elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of star is our Sun currently classified as?

    <p>Main Sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a factor that influences a star's apparent brightness?

    <p>Age of the star</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the reason satellite telescopes offer clearer images than land-based telescopes?

    <p>They are unaffected by atmospheric interference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary evidence for the expanding universe?

    <p>The red shift observed in light from distant galaxies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a red giant and a white dwarf?

    <p>Red giants are larger and cooler than white dwarfs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Hubble and JWST telescopes?

    <p>They are both space-based telescopes that provide unprecedented views of the universe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an elliptical galaxy?

    <p>Contains arms like a spiral galaxy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does analyzing a star's light spectrum help scientists understand its composition?

    <p>The spectrum shows unique absorption lines that correspond to different elements present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct location of an electron within an atom?

    <p>In the electron cloud around the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subatomic particle has a neutral charge?

    <p>Neutron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a habitat?

    <p>The physical environment where a species lives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes organisms that produce their own food?

    <p>Autotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between abiotic and biotic factors?

    <p>Abiotic factors are non-living; biotic factors are living</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following examples is NOT a decomposer?

    <p>Grass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a food chain, which organism is typically found at the second trophic level?

    <p>Primary consumer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'niche' refer to in ecology?

    <p>The role of an organism in its environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the number of electrons when an object becomes negatively charged?

    <p>It gains electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does grounding an object affect its charge?

    <p>It neutralizes excess electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of charging a neutral object involves direct contact?

    <p>Conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily causes you to gain a negative charge when walking on carpet with socks?

    <p>Friction between the socks and carpet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a negatively charged person touches a neutral doorknob?

    Signup and view all the answers

    When a neutral object gains a negative charge, which of the following statements is TRUE?

    <p>The object gains electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods of charging a neutral object involves direct contact?

    <p>Conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When you walk on a carpet in your socks, you gain a negative charge. What is the primary reason for this?

    <p>The carpet loses electrons to your socks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when you touch a neutral doorknob after walking on a carpet in your socks and gaining a negative charge?

    <p>Electrons flow from your body to the doorknob.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of grounding an object?

    <p>To create a path for excess charge to flow to the Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is lightning formed?

    <p>Induction causes a separation of charges within the clouds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resistance of a circuit with a potential difference of 4V and a current of 0.35A?

    <p>11.43 ohms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a renewable resource?

    <p>Solar Energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct chemical symbol for the element oxygen?

    <p>O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property is characteristic of nonmetals?

    <p>Dull appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the periodic table, which of the following elements has the symbol 'P'?

    <p>Phosphorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would you describe the malleability of metals?

    <p>Easily hammered into sheets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume of a substance with a mass of 25 g and a density of 1.4 g/mL?

    <p>17.85 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly identifies the elements in the compound NH3?

    <p>Nitrogen, hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is represented by the symbol 'Ca'?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of metals compared to nonmetals?

    <p>Good conductors of heat and electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Formula Table

    • 1 AU = 1.5 x 108 km
    • 1 ly = 9.46 x 1012 km
    • Speed of light = 3 x 105 km/s
    • Speed = Distance/Time

    Ecosystems

    • Population Density = Total Population/Area
    • Population Growth = (Births + Immigration) – (Deaths + Emigration)

    Chemistry

    Matter Classification

    • Pure Substances:
      • Element: Made up of only one type of atom (e.g., oxygen)
      • Compound: Made up of two or more elements (e.g., H2O)
    • Mixtures:
      • Homogeneous: Uniform mixture (e.g., salt water)
      • Heterogeneous: Non-uniform mixture (e.g., sand in water)

    Classification of Matter

    • Pure Substances:

      • Element: A pure substance made up of only one type of atom.
      • Compound: A pure substance made up of two or more elements.

    • Mixtures:

      • Homogeneous: A mixture where the components are evenly distributed.
      • Heterogeneous: A mixture where the components are not evenly distributed.

    Physical and Chemical Properties

    • Physical Property: Describes the appearance or characteristics of a substance without changing its chemical composition (e.g., color, shape, size).
    • Physical Change: Alters the physical form of a substance without changing its chemical composition (e.g., melting, freezing).
    • Chemical Property: Describes how a substance reacts with other substances to form new substances (e.g., flammability).
    • Chemical Change: Alters the chemical composition of a substance, forming new substances (e.g., burning, rusting).

    Clues of a Chemical Change

    • Odor change
    • Temperature change
    • Gas production
    • Precipitation
    • Color change

    Elements

    Symbol Element Name
    Cl Chlorine
    C Carbon
    Ne Neon
    N Nitrogen
    He Helium
    F Fluorine
    Ca Calcium
    Mg Magnesium
    Si Silicon
    S Sulfur
    P Phosphorus
    K Potassium

    Properties of Metals and Nonmetals

    Property Metal Nonmetal
    Lustre Shiny (metallic luster) Dull (except for a few like iodine)
    Malleability Malleable (can be hammered into sheets) Brittle (breaks when hammered)
    Conductivity Good conductors of heat and electricity Poor conductors (insulators)

    Atomic Structure

    Subatomic Particle Charge Location
    Proton + Inside nucleus
    Neutron 0 Inside nucleus
    Electron - Outside nucleus

    Atomic Structure Data

    Element (symbol) Atomic Number Mass Number Number of Electrons Number of Protons Number of Neutrons
    K 19 39 19 19 20
    Al 13 27 13 13 14

    Ecology

    • Ecology: The definition for how living things interact with each other and their environment.
    • Biosphere Layers: Hydrosphere (water), Atmosphere (air), Lithosphere (rocks)
    • Habitat: The specific area where an animal lives
    • Population: A group of the same animals in a particular area
    • Community: A group of different animals living in the same area
    • Ecosystem: All living things in a biological community in a specified area
    • Niche: The process of how animals find food
    • Autotroph: Makes its own food
    • Heterotroph: Eats other living things
    • Producer: Creates food for others
    • Consumer: Eats plants or animals for energy.
    • Decomposer: Breaks down dead things for nutrients
    • Scavenger: Eats dead animals

    Calculating Volume

    • Density = Mass/Volume
    • Volume = Mass/Density

    Compounds

    • NH3: Nitrogen and Hydrogen
    • 2 CaCO3: Calcium and Carbon
    • Ca(NO3)2 : Calcium and nitrogen

    Electricity

    • Static Electricity: Buildup of electrons on a surface that do not need a circuit.
    • Current Electricity: A steady flow of electrons between objects that needs a conductor and a circuit.
    • Insulator: A substance that slows energy transfer.
    • Conductor: A substance that allows energy to pass

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    Description

    Test your understanding of pure substances, elements, compounds, and their properties with this comprehensive quiz. Explore the differences between physical and chemical changes, as well as important formulas in science. Perfect for students in chemistry or general science classes!

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