SNC 1W Exam Review - Practice Questions PDF

SNC 1W​ ​ FINAL EXAM REVIEW​ ​ ​ ​ NAME: __________ -​ EXAM DATE & TIME: _____________________​ ROOM: ____ Materials to Bring: Calculator, Penci...

SNC 1W​ ​ FINAL EXAM REVIEW​ ​ ​ ​ NAME: __________ -​ EXAM DATE & TIME: _____________________​ ROOM: ____ Materials to Bring: Calculator, Pencil/Eraser, Pen *a periodic table and data sheet will be provided Formula Table Ecosystems Space Chem. Electricity 1AU = 1.5 x 108 km 𝑅 = 𝑉 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚 𝐼 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐷 = 𝑉 1 ly = 9.46 x 1012 km 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 𝑃 * 𝑡 * 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑡ℎ = 𝐵 + 𝐼 − 𝐷 − 𝐸 5 speed of light = 3 x 10 km/s 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 * 100% Speed = Distance/time CHEMISTRY 1. Complete the following table: TERM DEFINITION EXAMPLES -​ H20 Pure -​ A pure substance is a material that is substances made up of only one type of particle -​ pure substances made up of only one -​ oxygen Element atom -​ pure substances that are made up of -​ H2O Compound two or more elements 2. Complete the following flow diagram for the CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER: MATTER t SNC 1W​ ​ 3. Classify each of the following as a pure substance or a mixture: a) soapy water​ ​ mixture b) hydrogen gas​ ​ pure substance c) sodium chloride​ ​ pure substance 4. Classify each of the following as an element or compound. a) hydrogen​ ​ ​ element b) potassium carbonate​ compound c) water​ ​ ​ compound d) Mg​ ​ ​ ​ element 5. Complete the following table: TERM DEFINITION EXAMPLES -​ the color, shape, size -​ a red cup PHYSICAL PROPERTY -​ the appearance will change -​ cutting paper, PHYSICAL CHANGE dissolving something -​ the way the substance behaves -​ flammability CHEMICAL PROPERTY -​ a chemical reaction between -​ baking soda CHEMICAL CHANGE substances and vinegar -​ New substance is formed 6. Classify each of the following as a physical property or a chemical property: a) Gasoline is a clear pink solution.​ ​ physical b) Gasoline burns in air.​ ​ chemical c) Water boils at 100oC.​ ​ physical d) Electric current can split water into ​ ​ chemical hydrogen and oxygen gases. SNC 1W​ ​ 7. What are the clues that a chemical change has happened? -​ odor, temperature change, gas production, precipitation and color change 8. Write the full name of the element beside each symbol. SYMBOL ELEMENT NAME SYMBOL ELEMENT NAME Cl chlorine Ca calcium C carbon Mg magnesium Ne neon Si Silicon N nitrogen S sulfur He helium P Phosphorus F fluorine K Potassium 9. Write the correct symbol next to the name of each element. ELEMENT NAME SYMBOL ELEMENT NAME SYMBOL sodium Na hydrogen H lithium Li argon Ar aluminum Al beryllium Be boron B oxygen O 10. Complete the following chart on the PROPERTIES OF METALS AND NONMETALS. PROPERTY METALS NONMETALS LUSTRE Shiny (metallic lustre) Dull (except for a few like iodine) MALLEABILITY Malleable (can be Brittle (breaks when hammered into sheets) hammered) CONDUCTIVITY Good conductors of heat Poor conductors and electricity (insulators) 11.​ Draw Bohr-Rutherford and Lewis Dot diagrams for: ​ SNC 1W​ ​ 12.​ What trends are evident in the periodic table (i.e. families, groups, etc.)? 13.​ Calculate the volume of a substance with a mass of 25 g and a density of 1.4 g/mL. (Use GRESS!) Would this substance float or sink in water? Explain your reasoning. Density(g/mL) = mass (grams) divided by volume (mL) D= M/V 1.4= 25g/V Rearrange the equation Volume???? Volume = Mass/Density V= M/D V= 25g/1.4 V= 17.85 mL 14.​ Identify the elements and number of atoms of each element in the following compounds: a)​ NH3 -​ nitrogen, hydrogen b)​ 2 CaCO3 -​ calcium and cobalt c)​ Ca(NO3)2 -​ calcium and nobellum SNC 1W​ ​ 15. Complete the following chart: SUBATOMIC CHARGE LOCATION IN PARTICLE ATOM electron -​ electron cloud around nucleus proton +​ inside nucleus neutron no neutral outside nucleus 16. Complete the following chart: Element Atomic # Mass # # electrons # protons # neutrons (standard atomic notation) K 19 39 19 19 19 (potassium) Al 13 27 13 13 14 (Aluminium) ECOLOGY 1.​ What is ECOLOGY? -​ the definition for how living things interact with each other and there environment. 2.​ Describe the layers of the BIOSPHERE (hydrosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere) -​ hydrosphere is water -​ atmosphere is air -​ lithosphere is rocks -​ biosphere is them all together 3.​ Define: habitat, population, community, ecosystem, niche -​ habitat is where a animal live -​ population refers to a group of the same animals that live in the same area -​ community refers to a group of all animals living in the same area -​ ecosystem refers to all living things in particular area -​ niche the process of finding food 4.​ Contrast abiotic vs. biotic factors. List three examples of each. -​ fish, plants, frogs biotic -​ rocks, water, temperature abiotic 5.​ Define: autotroph, heterotroph, producer, consumer, decomposer, scavenger SNC 1W​ ​ ​ Autotroph: Makes its own food (like plants). ​ Heterotroph: Eats other living things for food (like animals). ​ Producer: Creates food for others (usually plants). ​ Consumer: Eats plants or animals for energy. ​ Decomposer: Breaks down dead things and recycles nutrients (like fungi). ​ Scavenger: Eats dead animals (like vultures). 6.​ Sketch a 4 step food chain and label the trophic levels. 1.​ Grass (Producer - Trophic Level 1)​ → Grass makes its own food using sunlight (autotroph). 2.​ Grasshopper (Primary Consumer - Trophic Level 2)​ → Eats grass (herbivore). 3.​ Frog (Secondary Consumer - Trophic Level 3)​ → Eats the grasshopper (carnivore). 4.​ Snake (Tertiary Consumer - Trophic Level 4)​ → Eats the frog (top-level predator). 7.​ How much energy travels up each step of a food chain? If the food chain above (#6) starts with 2500 kJ of energy in the autotrophs, how much energy is available for the top carnivore? -​ 10% -​ primary consumer (grasshoper) 10% x 2500 kJ = 250kJ -​ secondary consumer 10% x 250 kJ = 25 kJ -​ tertiary consumer 10% x 25kJ=2.5 -​ 2.5kJ is available for the snake 8.​ Define: carrying capacity, population density, open vs. closed population -​ Carrying Capacity: The maximum number of organisms an environment can support without running out of resources. ​ Population Density: How many individuals live in a specific area (e.g., 10 rabbits per square kilometer). ​ Open Population: A population where organisms can move in and out (immigration/emigration happens). ​ Closed Population: A population where no movement in or out happens—changes only occur from births and deaths. 9.​ Review types of relationships - predator/prey, parasite/host, etc. ​ Predator/Prey: A predator hunts and eats the prey (e.g., a lion eating a zebra). ​ Parasite/Host: A parasite lives on or in the host, taking nutrients and often harming it (e.g., a tick on a dog). ​ Mutualism: Both organisms benefit from the relationship (e.g., bees pollinating flowers). ​ Commensalism: One organism benefits, and the other is not affected (e.g., barnacles on a whale). ​ Competition: Two organisms compete for the same resource, like food or space (e.g., plants competing for sunlight). SNC 1W​ ​ ​ Symbiosis: A close relationship between two organisms, which can be mutualism, commensalism, or parasitism. 10.​ Compare PHOTOSYNTHESIS and CELLULAR RESPIRATION (equation inputs and outputs, and biological importance). Photosynthesis happens in plants and uses sunlight, carbon dioxide (CO₂), and water (H₂O) to make glucose (sugar) and oxygen (O₂). Equation:​ 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + sunlight → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ Cellular respiration happens in most living things and uses glucose and oxygen to produce energy, carbon dioxide, and water. Equation:​ C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy (ATP) Photosynthesis stores energy, and cellular respiration releases it 11.​ Review nutrient CYCLES – Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and water (describe and explain the stages). Why is each cycle important? What could happen if each cycle were to become imbalanced? 1. Carbon Cycle ​ Stages: Carbon moves between the atmosphere (as CO₂), living organisms (plants and animals), and the Earth (soil, oceans, and rocks). Plants absorb CO₂ during photosynthesis, animals release it through respiration, and it's returned through decomposition and fossil fuel burning. ​ Importance: Provides energy and builds organic molecules in all living things. ​ Imbalance: Too much CO₂ causes global warming; too little disrupts energy flow. 2. Nitrogen Cycle ​ Stages: Nitrogen moves from the atmosphere (N₂ gas) into soil (converted by bacteria into forms plants can use), then into plants, animals, and back to the atmosphere through decomposition and denitrification. ​ Importance: Essential for making proteins and DNA. ​ Imbalance: Excess nitrogen causes water pollution and dead zones; too little limits growth. 3. Phosphorus Cycle ​ Stages: Phosphorus moves from rocks to soil and water through weathering, then into plants and animals, and returns to the soil through decomposition. It doesn't cycle through the atmosphere. ​ Importance: Needed for DNA, cell membranes, and energy storage. ​ Imbalance: Too much phosphorus causes algal blooms; too little limits growth. 4. Water Cycle SNC 1W​ ​ ​ Stages: Water evaporates from surfaces, forms clouds (condensation), falls as precipitation, and flows back to oceans and groundwater. ​ Importance: Provides water for drinking, farming, and ecosystems. ​ Imbalance: Too much water (floods) or too little (droughts) disrupts life and ecosystems. ELECTRICITY 1. Distinguish between static and current electricity. 2.​ Distinguish between an insulator and conductor. Give examples of materials that are insulators and examples of materials that are conductors. 3. What is the Law of Electrostatics? -​ opposites attract -​ same repel 4. What has happened (in terms of electrons) when an object becomes: a)​ negatively charged : more electrons compared to protons b)​ positively charged : less electrons and more protons c)​ neutral or uncharged? : equal electrons and protons SNC 1W​ ​ 5.​ State and describe the three methods in which a neutral object can be given a static charge. Use diagrams to show how the charge is created and what type of charge results on the neutral object. -​ induction and conduction -​ friction 6.​ You are walking on carpet in your socks and gain a negative charge. Explain what happens when you touch a neutral doorknob. When you walk on a carpet in your socks, friction between your socks and the carpet causes electrons to transfer from the carpet to your body, giving you a negative charge. When you touch a neutral doorknob, all the negative charge in your body will get transferred to the doorknob. The doorknob is made of metal, and is pretty reactive, so we feel a shock! 7. How does an object become grounded? An object becomes grounded when it is connected to the Earth. For example, in our homes and front yards, wire or metal rods are attached to the object, and are placed so that it leads to the ground. This means that any excess/buildup of electrons that may happen will be grounded into the Earth to be neutralized. 8.​ What roles do friction and induction play in the creation of lightning? Explain how lightning is formed. Explain how you can prevent lightning from causing physical harm and/or the destruction of materials such as a home or barn. 9.​ Draw an open circuit with a battery, 2 light bulbs in parallel, a voltmeter reading the battery, an ammeter measuring current in the circuit and a resistor in series. 10.​ Calculate the resistance in a circuit with a potential difference of 4V and 0.35 A of current. (Use GRESS!) R = V/I R = 4/0.35 R = 11.3 ohms 11. ​ Differentiate between renewable and non-renewable resources. Give an example of each type of resource. SNC 1W​ ​ 12.​ Complete the missing information: ​ ​ SPACE: 1.​ Geocentric vs. Heliocentric Models: ○​ The geocentric model places Earth at the center of the universe, with all celestial bodies, including the Sun, revolving around it. This was the accepted view for centuries. ○​ The heliocentric model places the Sun at the center, with Earth and other planets orbiting around it. This model, proposed by Copernicus, is the correct one. 2.​ Planets and Their Distinguishing Characteristics: ○​ Order of Planets (from the Sun): Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. ○​ Inner Planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars. These are rocky planets, smaller, and closer to the Sun. ○​ Outer Planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. These are gas giants (except for Uranus and Neptune, which are ice giants) and much larger. 3.​ Rotation vs. Revolution: ○​ Rotation is the spinning of a planet on its axis (e.g., Earth rotates every 24 hours). SNC 1W​ ​ ○​ Revolution is the orbit of a planet around the Sun (e.g., Earth takes 365 days to complete one revolution). ○​ 23.5 degrees is the earth tilt 4.​ How These Occur: ○​ Solar Eclipse: When the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, blocking the Sun’s light. ○​ Lunar Eclipse: When Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon, casting a shadow on the Moon. ○​ Moon Phases: The changing appearance of the Moon as it orbits Earth. ○​ Auroras: Glowing lights near the poles caused by solar particles interacting with Earth’s magnetic field. ○​ Tides: The rise and fall of sea levels caused by the Moon’s gravity. ○​ Seasons: Caused by Earth’s tilt on its axis as it revolves around the Sun. 5.​ Definitions: ○​ Asteroid: A small rocky body orbiting the Sun, mostly found in the asteroid belt. ○​ Meteor: A streak of light in the sky from a burning space rock entering Earth’s atmosphere. ○​ Meteorite: A meteor that survives passing through the atmosphere and lands on Earth. ○​ Comet: A small icy body that releases gas and dust as it gets close to the Sun. ○​ Nebula: A large cloud of gas and dust where stars are born. ○​ Constellation: A group of stars forming a pattern, often named after mythological figures. ○​ Light Year: The distance light travels in one year (about 10 trillion kilometers). ○​ Astronomical Unit (AU): The average distance from Earth to the Sun (about 150 million kilometers). 6.​ How We Can Tell What Elements a Star is Made Up Of: ○​ By analyzing the star's light spectrum using a spectrometer, scientists can identify the absorption lines that correspond to different elements in the star. 7.​ Star Brightness and Distance: ○​ A star’s brightness depends on its size and distance from Earth. The closer a star is, the brighter it appears. We measure brightness using the star's apparent magnitude. 8.​ Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram: ○​ Main Sequence Stars: Most stars, including our Sun, are in this stable phase. ○​ Giant Stars: Larger, cooler stars found above the main sequence. ○​ White Dwarfs: Small, hot stars at the bottom left. ○​ A star may appear brighter due to its size, temperature, or proximity to Earth. 9.​ Life Cycle of a Star: ○​ Star Formation → Main Sequence → Red Giant → Supernova (or Planetary Nebula for smaller stars) → Neutron Star (or Black Hole for massive stars). ○​ The Sun will become a red giant and eventually a white dwarf. 10.​Types of Galaxies: ​ Spiral: Has arms (e.g., the Milky Way). ​ Elliptical: Oval-shaped, with little gas and dust. ​ Irregular: No specific shape. ​ Our galaxy is a spiral galaxy. 11.​Red Shift: SNC 1W​ ​ ​ A red shift occurs when the light from distant galaxies shifts toward the red end of the spectrum, indicating they are moving away from us. This supports the theory of the expanding universe and helps estimate the age of the universe. 12.​Natural vs. Artificial Satellites: ​ Natural Satellites: Moons that orbit planets (e.g., Earth’s Moon). (moon orbiting earth) ​ Artificial Satellites: Man-made objects launched into orbit (e.g., GPS satellites, communication satellites). 13.​Satellite-Based Telescopes: ​ Satellite telescopes (like Hubble and JWST) are above Earth’s atmosphere, avoiding atmospheric interference, such as clouds and pollution, providing clearer views of celestial objects than land-based telescopes.