12 Questions
What is a characteristic of a pure substance?
It has distinct properties that do not vary from sample to sample
What is an element?
A substance composed of only one kind of atom
What is a characteristic of compounds?
They are composed of two or more kinds of atoms
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
A mixture with varying composition and properties throughout
What is air, in terms of a mixture?
A homogeneous mixture of gases
Why does the nitrogen in air have the same properties as pure nitrogen?
Because both the pure substance and the mixture contain the same nitrogen molecules
What is the main difference between a physical change and a chemical change?
A physical change involves a change in state, while a chemical change involves a change in composition.
What type of property is melting point?
Intensive property
What is the term for a homogeneous mixture?
Solution
Which of the following is an example of a chemical property?
Flammability
What is the process of separating the components of a homogeneous mixture based on their different abilities to form gases?
Distillation
Which of the following is an example of a physical change?
Melting an ice cube
Study Notes
Pure Substances
- A pure substance has distinct properties and a composition that does not vary from sample to sample.
- Examples of pure substances include water and table salt (sodium chloride).
Elements and Compounds
- Elements are substances that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances.
- Each element is composed of only one kind of atom.
- Compounds are substances composed of two or more elements; they contain two or more kinds of atoms.
- Examples of compounds include water (composed of hydrogen and oxygen).
Mixtures
- Mixtures are combinations of two or more substances in which each substance retains its chemical identity.
- Mixtures do not have the same composition, properties, and appearance throughout.
- Heterogeneous mixtures vary in texture and appearance in any typical sample (e.g., rocks and wood).
- Homogeneous mixtures are uniform throughout (e.g., air, salt, and sugar dissolved in water).
- Air is a homogeneous mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and smaller amounts of other gases.
Properties of Matter
- Physical properties can be observed without changing the identity and composition of the substance.
- Examples of physical properties include color, odor, density, melting point, boiling point, and hardness.
- Chemical properties describe the way a substance may change, or react, to form other substances.
- Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of sample being examined (e.g., temperature and melting point).
- Extensive properties depend on the amount of sample (e.g., mass and volume).
Physical and Chemical Changes
- Physical change: a substance changes its physical appearance but not its composition (e.g., evaporation of water).
- Chemical change (or chemical reaction): a substance is transformed into a chemically different substance (e.g., hydrogen burning in air).
- Examples of physical changes include changes of state (e.g., from liquid to gas or from liquid to solid).
- Examples of chemical changes include combustion reactions (e.g., burning wood) and decomposition reactions (e.g., rotting banana).
Separation of Mixtures
- Distillation is an important method of separating the components of a homogeneous mixture.
- Distillation depends on the different abilities of substances to form gases.
This quiz covers the definitions and properties of pure substances, elements, and compounds, including water and table salt.
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