Podcast
Questions and Answers
Name two classes of pure substances and give an example of each.
Name two classes of pure substances and give an example of each.
Elements (e.g., iron, nitrogen, helium) and Compounds (e.g., water).
Decide whether each of the following is a pure substance: salt water, gold, a pencil.
Decide whether each of the following is a pure substance: salt water, gold, a pencil.
Salt water is a mixture, gold is a pure substance, a pencil is a mixture.
Would a pure substance ever settle out and form two distinct layers?
Would a pure substance ever settle out and form two distinct layers?
False (B)
Describe the relationship between an element and a compound.
Describe the relationship between an element and a compound.
What is matter?
What is matter?
What is energy?
What is energy?
What is the difference between matter and energy?
What is the difference between matter and energy?
What are the states of matter?
What are the states of matter?
How does matter change states?
How does matter change states?
What is the particle theory of matter?
What is the particle theory of matter?
How do you classify matter?
How do you classify matter?
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
What is a homogeneous mixture?
What is a homogeneous mixture?
What is a physical property?
What is a physical property?
What is qualitative vs quantitative?
What is qualitative vs quantitative?
What are the physical properties?
What are the physical properties?
Example of a substance with color and lustre.
Example of a substance with color and lustre.
Example of a substance with conductivity.
Example of a substance with conductivity.
Example of a substance with density.
Example of a substance with density.
Example of a substance with ductility.
Example of a substance with ductility.
Example of a substance with hardness.
Example of a substance with hardness.
Example of a substance with malleability.
Example of a substance with malleability.
Example of a substance with melting and boiling points.
Example of a substance with melting and boiling points.
Example of a substance with solubility.
Example of a substance with solubility.
Example of a substance with viscosity.
Example of a substance with viscosity.
What is color and lustre?
What is color and lustre?
What is conductivity?
What is conductivity?
What is density?
What is density?
What is ductility?
What is ductility?
What is hardness?
What is hardness?
What is malleability?
What is malleability?
What is melting and boiling points?
What is melting and boiling points?
What is solubility?
What is solubility?
What is viscosity?
What is viscosity?
What is a chemical property?
What is a chemical property?
What are chemical properties?
What are chemical properties?
Example of a substance with combustibility.
Example of a substance with combustibility.
Example of a substance that reacts with acid.
Example of a substance that reacts with acid.
Example of a substance that reacts with water.
Example of a substance that reacts with water.
What are characteristic properties?
What are characteristic properties?
How do you calculate density?
How do you calculate density?
What is an ore?
What is an ore?
Where are most metals found?
Where are most metals found?
What are the properties of metals?
What are the properties of metals?
What are the properties of non-metals?
What are the properties of non-metals?
What does GRASS stand for?
What does GRASS stand for?
How do you calculate volume?
How do you calculate volume?
Example of a heterogeneous mixture.
Example of a heterogeneous mixture.
Example of a homogeneous mixture.
Example of a homogeneous mixture.
What is an element?
What is an element?
What is a compound?
What is a compound?
Example of an element.
Example of an element.
Example of a compound.
Example of a compound.
What is combustibility?
What is combustibility?
What does it mean for something to react with acid?
What does it mean for something to react with acid?
What does it mean for something to react with water?
What does it mean for something to react with water?
What is a pure substance?
What is a pure substance?
What is a mixture?
What is a mixture?
What is a compound?
What is a compound?
What is an element?
What is an element?
Study Notes
Pure Substances
- Two classes of pure substances: Elements (cannot be broken down) and Compounds (composed of chemically combined elements).
- Examples:
- Element: Iron, Nitrogen, Helium
- Compound: Water (H₂O)
Classification of Matter
- Pure Substance: Contains one type of particle.
- Mixture: Contains two or more different particles.
- Example of mixtures:
- Salt Water: Mixture of sodium chloride and water.
- Pencil: Mixture of wood and graphite.
Properties of Matter
- Matter: Occupies space, has mass and volume.
- Energy: Form of light, heat, sound, and electricity. Lacks mass and volume.
States of Matter
- Four common states: Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma.
- Matter changes states via heating (particles move faster and need more space) or cooling (particles slow down and need less space).
Particle Theory of Matter
- All matter comprises particles with empty spaces between them.
- Each substance consists of unique types of particles.
- Particles are constantly in motion and increase speed with higher temperature.
Types of Mixtures
- Heterogeneous Mixture: Distinct visible parts (e.g., trail mix).
- Homogeneous Mixture: Uniform composition, difficult to see individual components (e.g., Kool-Aid).
Physical Properties
- Observable attributes of substances, e.g:
- Colour and Lustre: Light reflections give colour.
- Conductivity: Ability to conduct heat/electricity (e.g., metals).
- Density: Mass per unit volume (e.g., water is 1 g/mL).
- Ductility: Stretchable into wire (e.g., copper).
- Hardness: Resistance to scratching (diamond rates 10 on Mohs scale).
- Malleability: Can be shaped or rolled (e.g., aluminum).
- Melting and Boiling Points: Melting point of water at 0°C, boiling at 100°C.
- Solubility: Ability to dissolve, e.g., salt in water.
- Viscosity: Fluid resistance to flow (e.g., maple syrup vs. water).
Chemical Properties
- Describe a substance's chemical behavior and changes, including:
- Combustibility: Ability to burn (e.g., gasoline).
- Reaction with Acid: Produces gas bubbles (e.g., magnesium with acid).
- Reaction with Water: Reacts to form hydrogen (e.g., potassium).
Density Calculation
- Density formula: D = m/V (mass divided by volume).
Metals vs. Non-metals
- Metals: Solid at room temperature (except mercury), good conductors, malleable and ductile, shiny appearance.
- Non-metals: Poor conductors, lack metallic luster, brittle when hammered.
Additional Concepts
- Characteristic Properties: Unique to each pure substance for identification.
- ORE: Minerals providing useful metals at reasonable costs.
- GRASS Method: Strategy for problem-solving in calculations - Givens, Required, Arrange, Substitute, Solve.
Definitions
- Element: Cannot be chemically broken down (e.g., iron).
- Compound: Chemically combined elements (e.g., water).
- Mixture: Multiple substances combined (e.g., saltwater).
- Pure Substance: Contains a single type of particle.
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Description
This quiz explores the classification of pure substances, including elements and compounds. You'll be asked to identify examples and determine whether certain examples fit the definition of pure substances. Test your understanding of basic chemistry concepts through these practice questions!
