27 Questions
What is the outermost layer of the Earth called?
Crust
Which layer of the Earth is believed to be made of thick liquid containing silicon, oxygen, iron, and magnesium?
Mantle
What is the uppermost layer of the mantle called?
Asthenosphere
Which component is NOT found in the mantle of the Earth?
Nickel
What materials are predominantly found in the outer core of the Earth?
Iron and Nickel
Why does the inner core of the Earth remain solid?
Greater Pressure
What may explain the existence of Earth's magnetic field according to the text?
Solid Iron in the inner core
Which layer of the Earth's interior is where living things reside?
Crust
What do the egg yolks represent in an egg analogous to elements inside Earth's interior?
Inner Core
What is the innermost layer of Earth made up of?
Mantle and core
What is the uppermost layer of Earth called?
Crust
Why do earthquakes occur?
Due to sudden release of energy
What field of science studies the occurrences of earthquakes?
Seismology
What causes vibrations in the ground during an earthquake?
Seismic waves
What are tectonic plates made of?
Solid rock
Which type of earthquake occurs in areas associated with volcanic activities?
'Volcanic'quake
What is the major reason behind geological events like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions?
Plate interaction and movement
What is a tectonic plate?
A massive slab of solid rock that moves.
What is the main focus of seismologists' study?
Measurement and recording of earthquake activities
Which instrument is used to measure and record earthquake activities?
Seismograph
What does the Richter Scale measure in relation to earthquakes?
Strength or magnitude of earthquakes
In what geographical region is the Philippines located that makes it prone to seismic activities?
Pacific Ring of Fire
Which natural disaster is NOT commonly associated with seismic activities?
Typhoon
How many typhoons does the Philippines experience on average each year?
20
Why is it important to keep calm when a natural disaster occurs?
It avoids unnecessary stress
What value should individuals embody when helping others during natural calamities?
Empathy
How can individuals show empathy to those affected by natural calamities?
By providing emotional support and practical help
Study Notes
Earth's Interior
- The Earth's interior is divided into three layers: the Crust, the Mantle, and the Core.
- The Crust is the outermost and thinnest layer, where living things live, and is divided into continental crust and oceanic crust.
- The Mantle is the second layer, believed to be made of thick liquid containing silicon, oxygen, iron, and magnesium, and is divided into three layers: the uppermost layer, the asthenosphere, and the lowermost layer.
- The Core is the innermost layer, consisting of two layers: the Outer Core, made of hot liquid molten materials that contain iron and nickel, and the Inner Core, made of iron and nickel, which is solid due to greater pressure.
Forces That Affect Changes On Earth's Surface
- The Earth's surface is not a solid and continuous shell, but is divided into two parts: the continental crust and the oceanic crust.
- The present continents lie on a tectonic plate, which is a massive, irregularly shaped slab of solid rock.
- Tectonic plates move or drift slowly, interacting in several ways, either colliding, separating, or sliding, causing geological events like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the formation of oceans and continents.
Earthquakes
- Earthquakes are vibrations in the ground caused by the sudden release of energy, which causes vibrations that transfer in a form of wave called seismic wave.
- There are two types of earthquakes: tectonic earthquakes, caused by the sudden movement of two tectonic plates against each other, and volcanic earthquakes, which occur in areas associated with volcanic activities.
- Seismology is the field of science that studies the occurrences of earthquakes, and seismologists measure the strength of earthquakes using the Richter Scale.
Effects of Earthquakes
- Earthquakes can cause destruction of properties and loss of lives, landslides, avalanches, and tsunamis.
- The Philippines is part of the Circum-Pacific Belt or Pacific Ring of Fire, making it highly vulnerable to seismic activities or earthquakes.
Importance of Preparedness
- It is important to keep calm during natural disasters, and to embody values such as empathy and kindness when helping others in times of need.
- Preparedness is key to minimizing the effects of earthquakes, and knowing what to do before, during, and after an earthquake can save lives.
Test your knowledge on the forces that change Earth's surface with questions related to eggs and their parts. Learn about earthquakes and ways to stay safe before, during, and after they occur.
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