School Physical Education: Chapters 1-3 Notes

• Study Notes: Chapters 1, 2, & 3

Chapter 1

• School PE aims to assist physical, cognitive, social, and emotional growth.
• School PE looks to develop creativity, confidence, and physical competence
• School PE seeks to improve the ability to examine human movement, work with others, and apply attitudes for a healthy lifestyle.
• Physical literacy is the ability, confidence, and desire to be physically active for life.
• The three pillars have similarities and differences.
• Physical Education, Extracurricular Sport, and Community and Club Sport are the three pillars
• The curriculum diamond includes:
  • Developing expertise (grades 9-12)
  • Exploring possibilities (grades 6-8)
  • Building a foundation (preK-5)

Chapter 2

• CSPAP (Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program) is a multi-component approach for schools to use all opportunities for physical activity.
• CSPAP helps meet the 60 minutes of daily physical activity recommendation.
• CSPAP assists in developing the knowledge, skills, and confidence to be physically active.
• The goal of CSPAP is quality PE
• Components of CSPAP:
  • Physical Education: Teaches skills for a healthy life (e.g., basketball drills).
  • Physical Activity During School: Provides activity breaks (e.g., walking breaks).
  • Physical Activity Before and After School: After-school sports and clubs (e.g., soccer league).
  • Staff Involvement: Staff models healthy habits (e.g., teachers in fitness challenges).
  • Family and Community Involvement: Engages families (e.g., Family Fun Run).
• Physical Education is at the center of CSPAP because it teaches physical activity, fitness, and develops lifelong healthy habits and also provides the foundation for all other components of CSPAP.
• CSPAP helps PE teachers by increasing physical activity levels, promoting student health, boosting the visibility of the PE program and gaining more school-wide support.
• Importance of each component:
  • Physical Education: Builds skills.
  • Physical Activity During School: Keeps students active and improves focus.
  • Physical Activity Before and After School: Encourages activity outside class.
  • Staff Involvement: Teachers become role-models.
  • Family and Community Involvement: Reinforces habits at home and in the community.

Chapter 3

• NCLB (No Child Left Behind) requires states receiving federal funding to assess students annually on core subjects in selected grades.
• ESSA (Every Student Succeeds Act) aims to shift the focus to a well-rounded education for students, which includes health and PE.
• Ecology comprises multiple interacting systems and changes in one may affect the others.
• Ecology systems may include administration, physical education teachers, other teachers, etc
• Accountability: the standard to which consequences are applied.
  • Accountability includes mandates/legislation and oversight mechanisms, also including consequences for schools not following rules.
• Clarity/ambiguity: whether something is clear or unclear.
  • Clarity/ambiguity involves the degree of explicitness and consistency in policy/legislation.
• Risk involves strong clarity plus strong accountability to have successful policy.
• Risk refers to how tightly or loosely accountability for implementation is applied, and how explicit or ambiguous the requirements are.
• Strong Accountability Measures + explicit and consistent policy = Strong Boundaries
• A lack of accountability, clarity/ambiguity, risk, and boundaries can affect educational policy.
• Lack of Accountability can mean less support and inconsistent expectations.
• Clarity/Ambiguity can cause a difficulty in knowing what to teach, how to assess students, and how to align with school goals.
• Risk can cause misunderstanding and lead to safety issues or inconsistent activity levels.
• Boundaries allow unclear roles can stretch you too thin and make it harder to collaborate with other staff.
• Required PE minutes in California:
  • Elementary (grades 1-6): minimum of 200 minutes each ten days.
  • Secondary (grades 7-12): minimum of 400 minutes each ten days.
• Among all factors, teacher quality most influences how children and youth learn and grow in schools.
• Interscholastic sports focus on competition, skills, and teamwork in sports,
• PE focuses on overall fitness, different types of exercise, and healthy lifestyles.
• Sports are more about playing and winning, while PE is about staying fit.
• Coach training is teaching specific sports, improving athletes' skills, and for competition.
• PE teacher training is about teaching a variety of physical activities, fitness, health, and how to promote overall well-being.

Study notes covering the aims of school PE, the importance of physical literacy, and the three pillars: Physical Education, Extracurricular Sport, and Community and Club Sport. Also discussed is CSPAP (Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program). Curriculum diamond included.