Grade 8 Physical Education Review

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Questions and Answers

What are endorphins?

Chemicals released into your bloodstream that lift your mood and make you feel happy.

What is the requirement for exercise for teens according to the CDC?

60 minutes of activity a day.

What are muscular strengthening exercises?

Exercises that help you build strength such as weight lifting, push-ups, and pull-ups.

What constitutes cardiovascular exercise?

Exercises that help build a strong circulatory system and endurance. Signup and view all the answers

What are bone strengthening exercises?

Exercises that produce impact or tension in the bones and make them stronger. Signup and view all the answers

What is aerobic exercise?

Cardiovascular activities like running, biking, and swimming that require more oxygen and increase breathing. Signup and view all the answers

The components of physical fitness include Cardiovascular Endurance, Muscular Endurance, Muscular Strength, Flexibility, and ______.

Body Composition Signup and view all the answers

What does flexibility refer to?

The ability to move joints and use muscles through their normal movement. Signup and view all the answers

What is muscular endurance?

The ability for a muscle to repeat a movement many times. Signup and view all the answers

Define muscular strength.

The amount of force the muscles can exert against resistance. Signup and view all the answers

What is cardiovascular endurance?

Fitness of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels, including their ability to carry blood and oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

What does body composition refer to?

What your body is made of, including fat, muscle, bones, and organs. Signup and view all the answers

What is lean body mass?

The amount of your body that is muscle, bone, and organs, excluding fat weight. Signup and view all the answers

What is BMI (Body Mass Index)?

An index that relates a person's height to their weight to help determine body fat levels. Signup and view all the answers

What does percent body fat mean?

The amount of your body that is fat, both essential and stored fat. Signup and view all the answers

Define obesity.

Weighing a lot more than average or being dangerously overweight. Signup and view all the answers

What does sedentary mean?

Physically inactive. Signup and view all the answers

What are the principles of training?

Overload, Specificity, Reversibility, Progression, Regularity, and Individuality. Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of overload state?

To improve, you need to 'overload' by doing slightly more in each workout. Signup and view all the answers

What is specificity in exercise?

The principle that states your body can adapt to the type and amount of exercise if trained correctly. Signup and view all the answers

What does reversibility refer to in exercise?

Fitness improvements are lost when the demands on your body are lowered. Signup and view all the answers

What does progression mean in terms of exercise?

An optimal level of overload and time frame necessary to improve fitness. Signup and view all the answers

What is regularity in terms of exercise?

The necessity of exercising regularly, at least three times a week. Signup and view all the answers

What does individuality mean in the context of exercise?

Everyone is different and responds differently to training. Signup and view all the answers

What should you consider regarding medical readiness before starting exercise?

If you have a medical condition that might interfere with activity, such as asthma. Signup and view all the answers

What does physical readiness entail?

Considering if you are in physical shape to participate in exercise. Signup and view all the answers

What is activity readiness?

Considering if you have any experience in the activity and your participation level. Signup and view all the answers

What is heart rate?

The number of heartbeats per unit of time expressed as beats per minute. Signup and view all the answers

What is pulse?

The throbbing of your blood vessels. Signup and view all the answers

Define resting heart rate.

The heart rate measured while you are at rest but awake. Signup and view all the answers

What is maximum heart rate?

The highest level your heart can beat, estimated as 220 minus your age. Signup and view all the answers

What is target heart rate?

60% to 80% of your maximum heart rate. Signup and view all the answers

What does the F.I.T.T Acronym stand for?

Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type. Signup and view all the answers

Define frequency in exercise.

The number of days you will exercise. Signup and view all the answers

What does intensity refer to in exercise?

How hard you will work, usually measured by repetitions or heart rate. Signup and view all the answers

What does time mean in the context of exercise?

How long you will work, measured in seconds, minutes, or hours. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by type of exercise?

The kind of exercise you do, such as weightlifting, jogging, or tennis. Signup and view all the answers

What does aerobic mean?

Respiration with oxygen at the cellular level. Signup and view all the answers

Define anaerobic exercise.

Respiration without oxygen at the cellular level. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Endorphins

Chemicals in the bloodstream that enhance mood and create feelings of happiness.

Exercise Requirements for Teens

CDC recommends adolescents engage in 60 minutes of physical activity daily.

Muscular Strengthening Exercise

Activities like weight lifting, push-ups, and pull-ups that enhance muscular strength.
Recommended frequency: At least three times per week.

Cardiovascular Exercise

Aims to improve the heart, lungs, and blood circulation.
Includes jogging, biking, and swimming.
Recommended duration: 30 minutes daily.

Bone Strengthening Exercise

Activities such as running and jumping rope that improve bone density.
Recommended frequency: At least three times per week.

Aerobic Exercise

Cardiovascular activities requiring increased oxygen intake.
Examples include running, biking, and swimming.

Components of Physical Fitness

Five key components: Cardiovascular Endurance, Muscular Endurance, Muscular Strength, Flexibility, and Body Composition.

Flexibility

The ability to move joints and muscles through their full range of motion, often enhanced by stretching.

Muscular Endurance

The capacity of muscles to perform repeated movements efficiently, such as in sit-ups.

Muscular Strength

The maximum force exerted by muscles against resistance, measured in exercises like push-ups and pull-ups.

Cardiovascular Endurance

Fitness related to the efficiency of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels in delivering oxygen during sustained physical activity.

Body Composition

The proportions of fat, muscle, bones, and organs in the body.

Lean Body Mass

The weight of a body composed primarily of muscle, bone, and organs, excluding fat.

BMI (Body Mass Index)

A measure to assess if an individual has a healthy body fat level based on height and weight.

Percent Body Fat

The percentage of an individual's body mass that is composed of fat.

Obesity

A condition characterized by excessive body weight or being significantly above average weight.

Sedentary

Refers to a lifestyle with minimal physical activity.

Principles of Training

Key concepts for effective exercise include Overload, Specificity, Reversibility, Progression, Regularity, and Individuality.

Overload

To improve fitness, one must progressively increase workout intensity.

Specificity

The body adapts specifically to the type and intensity of exercise performed.

Reversibility

Fitness gains are lost when physical demands decrease; consistent activity is necessary to maintain improvements.

Progression

Optimal fitness improvement requires a structured increase in workout intensity and duration over time.

Regularity

Consistent exercise, recommended at least three times a week, is crucial for effectiveness.

Individuality

Each person responds differently to fitness training based on personal factors.

Medical Readiness

Evaluate any medical conditions that could affect participation in physical activity, such as asthma.

Physical Readiness

Assess overall physical health and fitness level before engaging in workouts.

Activity Readiness

Consider your prior experience and skill level in an activity before starting.

Heart Rate

Measured in beats per minute, indicating cardiovascular activity levels.

Pulse

The rhythmic expansion of blood vessels, often checked at the carotid artery in the neck.

Resting Heart Rate

Heart rate when at rest; normal range is typically 60-80 beats per minute.

Maximum Heart Rate

The highest heart rate a person can achieve, estimated as 220 minus age.

Target Heart Rate

Aim for 60-80% of maximum heart rate during exercise to enhance cardiovascular endurance and burn calories.

F.I.T.T. Acronym

Stands for Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type; a guide for creating effective exercise programs.

Frequency

Refers to how often one exercises, such as three times per week.

Intensity

The level of effort exerted during exercise, often measured by repetition counts or heart rate.

Time

The duration of exercise, usually measured in seconds, minutes, or hours.

Type

The specific kind of exercise performed, such as yoga, weightlifting, or running.

Aerobic

Refers to activities that need oxygen for energy, improving cardiovascular capacity, like jogging or soccer.

Anaerobic

Activities that do not rely on oxygen for energy production and typically involve short bursts of high intensity, such as sprinting or intense wrestling.

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Description

Test your knowledge of key concepts in physical education with this Grade 8 review. You'll learn about endorphins, exercise requirements for teens, and muscular strengthening exercises. Perfect for quick revision before your exams!