Untitled

Origins and Spread of Popular Culture

• Popular culture evolves from the working class, retaining important and consumer-valuable ideas
• Ideas that don't "make the cut" are often forgotten by future generations
• Popular culture existed before the term was coined

Examining Popular Culture

• Separating the spread of popular culture from a Western perspective (particularly American) can be challenging

Folk Culture to Renaissance

• Culture, from a sociological perspective, involves traditions and trends shared within a human group
• Folk culture arises when humans live together and agree on traditions and beliefs
• Folk culture is a rudimentary form of early popular culture
• Wertz identifies wedding ceremonies, music, & fashion as popular culture milestones
• Weddings and religion are linked, being rites for a couple to pledge love under a preferred deity
• Music evolved with weddings, becoming elaborate as Western composers documented it during the Renaissance
• Eastern music relied on practiced memory rather than written composition
• Fashion boomed when aristocrats used clothing beyond practical needs and the working class emulated them
• Eastern fashion was restricted by cultural castes (as were aesthetics)
• William Shakespeare is seen as a popular culture "superstar" as his work combined fine and popular art

Globalization of Popular Culture

• "Globalization" is associated with the internet, satellite TV, and radio
• Globalization can happen with simple things like pen and paper
• Globalization was present during the Age of Exploration when Westerners explored and traded/conquered civilizations

Examples of Globalization

• The opening of the Suez Canal let the Philippines access Western popular cultures
• Opium introduction in China by the British nearly ruined the country
• Europe obtained chocolate through their conquering the Americas, causing a boom in the European market of the Mesoamerican ritual product
• Johannes Gutenberg's printing press made knowledge spread via mass-produced books

The Industrial Age

• Some cultural aesthetics became very available
• Folk and high cultures became popular
• Theaters became accessible to people who wanted accessible drama
• Film and television allowed many to consume different aesthetics quicker

Filipino Cinema Example

• Filipino cinema started in 1897, showing moving pictures at a Salon in Manila
• In September 1919, Dalagang Bukid was directed by José Nepomuceno, allowing the masses film viewing
• José Nepomuceno spearheaded filmmaking in the Philippines, and is considered the Father of Philippine Cinema

Technology and Society

• As quality of life gets better, pop culture icons get bigger
• Sewing machines allowed mass production of high-end clothing, making it obtainable
• Increased demand for technology has promoted each category of popular culture

Pop Culture Categorization

• Entertainment media was originally books, journals, newspapers, comics etc
• Music and radio dramas were popular when radio came along
• Televisions made pop culture even more accessible which eventually evolved into films
• Lifestyle improved with the aid of the sewing machine, as well as the camera, recipes, and dance
• Mass communication caused big booms for the categories of sports, news, and politics
• Technology mixed accessibility and function, which would drive connection, and the internet

Trends In The Philippines

• In this country, there are varying trends to be listed using the categories of popular culture discussed.

Pre-colonial Entertainment

• Tribes had their own kundiman, epics, legends, and mythologies as a form of entertainment
• Each tribe had a god of war, such as: Lam-ang, Urduja, Bathala, Talagbusao, Ibu, Bakunawa, Pilandok, and Malakas and Maganda
• Legends of the aswang, and instruments such as the kulintang, bansik, kudyapi and kubing are included here.

Pre-colonial Lifestyle

• Early Filipinos adapted to the tropical jungles using materials like abaca and nipa
• Materials such as minerals (iron, gold, and copper), pearls, and tattoos were used as fashion
• Bartering allowed early Filipinos to gain access to silk, porcelain, spices and condiments
• Early Filipino architecture consisted of stilt and Bamboo houses
• Dances such as the Tinikling and Maglalatik were practiced

Pre-colonial Sports

• The country was in a “warring tribes” period, slave trade was common, with two classifications: aliping namamahay (peasants or serfs) and aliping saguiguilid (POWs)
• Martial arts such as Sikaran and Yaw-Yan, and sports such as wrestling, archery, sipa, and sabong were famous.

Pre-colonial Tech

• Filipinos gained techniques in pottery, metal forging, weaving and navigation
• Writing, engravings and the Laguna Copperplate Inscription were valued

Spanish Occupation

• Filipinos suffered for 333 years
• Cultural blending occurred

Spanish Entertainment

• Revolves around observing religious practices, such as the zarzuela, pasion, and cenaculo
• The awit and corrido became accessible, with Ibong Adarna. Bernardo Carpio, and Florante at Laura
• Novels were integrated with the Suez Canal opening, such as Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo

Spanish Lifestyle

• Western sense was adopted, with barong Tagalog and the baro't saya
• Folk dances got Spanish elements, and dances like the waltz, jota, and polka were practiced
• Cuisine incorporated the different cultures, an example being adobo

Education During Spanish Occupation

• Fine arts like the Spoliarium and formal education like the Ateneo de Manila University were integrated

Spanish Sports

• Spain introduced fencing and gun duels
• Filipinos learned the art of war, and football was introduced

Media Under Spain

• Propaganda Movement and the GomBurZa Execution occurred
• Various revolts, the Basi Revolt for example occurred.
• Prominent figures included José Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, and Emilio Aguinaldo.
• Mindanao won with Sultan Kudarat, and the Cordilleras won with the Igorots

Spanish Technology

• Advancements in science caused tech to boom such as: electricity as well as the Galleon Trade
• This included materials such as books, firearms and products from Mexico

Americans Come

• Americanizing Filipinos through the American dream
• Japan occupying the country
• USA seceding from us and earning our independence.

American Entertainment

• Radio was brought on screen, and gave more American music, like jazz and Western swing.
• American entertainment was the vaudeville, later film making with Dalagang Bukid in 1919

American Icons

• Atang dela Rama, Paraluman, Fernando Poe, Sr., Sanpaguita pictures, and Carmen Rosales
• Filipinos wore americana, with the suit-and-pants ensemble for men, while Filipinas wore flapper dresses besides the Maria Clara.
• Americans gave foods such as: frankfurters, fried chicken, pots roasts, and cheesecake.
• Dances such as ballet and jive were incorporated

American Sports And Politics

• Basketball became the game of choice
• As the Americans were recognized as a threat, tensions increased
• Racism, the Bataan Death March, and Battle of Tirad Pass occurred

American Figures

• William McKinley, William Howard Taft, Leonard Wood, William McKinley
• Douglas MacArthur
• Other figures such as Luna and Quezon

American Technology

• Americans gave radio and film
• Advancements in medicine (tropical diseases) and agriculture (atsuete, tobacco, and papaya) were observed

Post WWII Entertainment

• TV technology sparked a commercial boom in the Philippines
• TV station industry was initially struggling
• Examples include the establishment of ABS-CBN, GMA, RPN, PTV and IBC
• Examples of Regal Entertainment, Seiko Films,
• Iconic film and tv figures such as Fernando Poe, Jr., And Gloria Romero
• Also the prominent culture of forming love teams, with fan rivarly

TV Icons

• Corazon Noble-Angel Esmeralda, Carmen Rosales-Rogelio Dela Rosa (Mameng at Roger), Pancho Magalona-Tita Duran

Original Pilipino Music

• Some examples include Efren Montes, Claire dela Fuente, ASIN, Elizabeth Ramsey
• Cover artists such as the beatles were listened to

Post WWII Film

• Animations such as Astroboy, Voltes V, Gumby, Teenage Mutant Ninja turtles and thundercats were aired

1960s

• Filipinos quickly adapted to the US, and the "flower power" was seen during the period
• The decade was reflected with hippies, and women were imitating them

1970s

• The "disco" decade, where the style of clothes were flared

1980s

• The American fitness craze happened, with the introduction of colorful gym jackets and wind breakers
• Women supported power dressing during this time
• Disco and Rico Mambo was a popular dance during the period

Tagalog

• Slang words began to be incorperated into the language
• Terms include: yosi, erpat, bagets, tambay, resbak, and jeproks.

1972 Olympics

• Joined the winter olympics as an independant country

Memorable Non-Political

• Non-political instances included the “chop-chop lady” and the victories of Gloria Diaz

Other Political Instnaces

• Things became more political during the 1990 summer boycott due to Soviet Union and it’s allies boycotting.

Politcal Events

• Several polticial events occurred during this time
• Examples: The Martial Law and the death of Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino, Jr.

Pop Culture During Marcos Regime

• During Marcos’ martial law, Voltes V, Mazinger Z, and Daimos were banned.
• It represented a Totalitarian system

Technology Under Marcos

• Technologies such as gramaphone, cassette tape recorder, cathode-ray television, and landlines were widely used
• Mobile phones and television use became popular

Middle Class During Marcos Years

• Were well off enough to purchase Arcade machines /personal computers

Home Consoles

• Such as the Atari and the Nintendo Entertainment System

After Marcos Regime

• Local tech was brick game

Late 1990s

• Everything becomes available almost instantly

Late 1990s Television Industry

• Also called the Japan decade due to the vast amount of Anime being broadcast,
• The Nippon Animation's World Masterpiece Theater

Other Types of Anime Being Streamed

• Also some famous animated series such as Digimon / pokemon

Popular Music

• Popular music by Britney Spears and Christina were widely listened to along with popular ensembles.

90's Educational Shows

• Some shows include sesame street and “Batibot”

The Digital Age

• The decades 2000, 2010 and 2020 are called the Digital age because of the internet’s evolution
• Led to a high influx of media in popular culture and in media
• Known as the “hallyu wave” due to the emergence of the south korean media output. Shows like Goblin come out during the wave.
• Other films include classics from the period such as Old boy or my sassy girl.
• Examples include: jewel in the palace and start up
• Movies have become Elaborate and Highly produced franchises such as Harry Potter and The transformers and marvel cinematic universe come to light

Internet Based Shows

• Some examples are our series ang probinsyano and four sisters and a wedding begin to be streamed
• KZ, Bugoy ,Katrina become well known

Filipinos' Popular Social and Professional Culture

• Social media and work culture has changed allowing and influencing social culture
• Travel and tech were used as tools

Social Media and Food

• There are increased cultural influences in cuisine
• Korean (kimchi), Japanese(Raman), and Thai food has become popular

Rise of ESports

• Competitive computer gaming has become a cultural icon with DotA and League being prime movers

Other Notable Examples

• Mobile Legends: Bang Bang, Marvel Super War, and Counter Strike: Global Offensive

Notable News of the Period.

• Notable News are computer viruses and other issues that arise with new tech

Three Most Concerning News

• Hostage crisis (where several tourists from hong kong were killed by a former pop officer,) and natural diasters (Supertyphoon Yolanda that destroyed the Visayas Region killed several thousands).

Pandemics

• The ravaging covid-19 Pandemic which has altered everyday life.

Poltics Now

• Political icons such as Thunburg and the new political upheaval that exists.

Filipino Political Scene

• Political turmoil exists, such as Estrada and NBN-ZTE deals
• And controversies such as impeachment
• Other figures such as Garcillano exist.

Popular Political Issues

• The war on drugs and PhilSA.
• Tech and the world and their interconnectedness

New Inventions and Apps

• The development of the text capital and multiple apps (Friendster/Facebook),

Online Commerce and Streaming

• The rise of platforms such as Patreon for work
• Platforms such as YouTube and Twitch become popular

Legacy Media

• Legacy tech maintains popularity: TVs evolve with newer tech (LCD) and consoles allow for new advancements (Xbox, Nintendo Play Station)
• Handheld game devices remain used.