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Questions and Answers
What term describes positive changes in membrane potential relative to resting membrane potential?
What term describes positive changes in membrane potential relative to resting membrane potential?
Which of the following statements is true about depolarization?
Which of the following statements is true about depolarization?
What is hyperpolarization?
What is hyperpolarization?
What does an increase in membrane potential from -70mV to -75mV represent?
What does an increase in membrane potential from -70mV to -75mV represent?
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What factor changes when the membrane potential changes?
What factor changes when the membrane potential changes?
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What is the role of chemically gated channels in response to neurotransmitters?
What is the role of chemically gated channels in response to neurotransmitters?
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Which type of channels open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential?
Which type of channels open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential?
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What happens with leakage or nongated channels?
What happens with leakage or nongated channels?
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Which factor is crucial for generating a resting membrane potential?
Which factor is crucial for generating a resting membrane potential?
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In response to touch and pressure, which type of channels open?
In response to touch and pressure, which type of channels open?
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What term describes negative changes in membrane potential relative to resting membrane potential?
What term describes negative changes in membrane potential relative to resting membrane potential?
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Which type of signals are long-distance signals of axons that always have the same strength?
Which type of signals are long-distance signals of axons that always have the same strength?
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What type of signals usually operate over short distances and have variable strength?
What type of signals usually operate over short distances and have variable strength?
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What triggers graded potentials in neurons?
What triggers graded potentials in neurons?
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What term is used for changes in membrane potential when concentrations of ions across the membrane change?
What term is used for changes in membrane potential when concentrations of ions across the membrane change?
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Study Notes
Membrane Potential Changes
- Depolarization refers to positive changes in membrane potential relative to resting potential.
- Hyperpolarization denotes negative changes in membrane potential, moving further away from zero.
Membrane Potential Variations
- An increase in membrane potential from -70mV to -75mV signifies hyperpolarization, as the value moves more negative.
- The factor that changes with membrane potential is ion concentration across the membrane.
Ion Channels and Signals
- Chemically gated channels respond to neurotransmitter binding, facilitating ion flow and altering membrane potential.
- Voltage-gated channels open and close in reaction to changes in membrane potential, critical for action potentials.
- Leakage or nongated channels allow consistent flow of ions, contributing to the resting membrane potential.
Resting Membrane Potential
- Sodium-potassium pump is crucial for maintaining the resting membrane potential by regulating ion concentrations.
Sensorial Response Channels
- In response to touch and pressure, mechanically gated channels open to allow ion flow, influencing membrane potential.
Types of Electrical Signals
- Action potentials are the long-distance signals in axons that maintain consistent strength throughout propagation.
- Graded potentials operate over shorter distances, exhibiting variable strength based on the stimulus.
Triggers and Changes
- Graded potentials in neurons are triggered by changes in synaptic input or environmental stimuli.
- Changes in membrane potential due to ion concentration variations across the membrane are often described as potential alterations.
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Description
Test your knowledge on how membrane potential changes and how signals are produced based on concentrations of ions and membrane permeability. Understand the terms depolarization and hyperpolarization, and learn about graded potentials in different types of signals.
