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Questions and Answers
A patient presents with nasal congestion, facial pain, and a persistent cough for six weeks. Which form of Rhinosinusitis best describes the patient's condition?
A patient presents with nasal congestion, facial pain, and a persistent cough for six weeks. Which form of Rhinosinusitis best describes the patient's condition?
- Acute
- Chronic
- Subacute (correct)
- Recurrent acute
A child presents with a barking cough and difficulty breathing. Which virus is the most likely cause of their symptoms?
A child presents with a barking cough and difficulty breathing. Which virus is the most likely cause of their symptoms?
- Adenovirus
- Parainfluenza virus (correct)
- Coronavirus
- Rhinovirus
A patient is diagnosed with laryngitis. Which of the following viruses is least likely to be the cause?
A patient is diagnosed with laryngitis. Which of the following viruses is least likely to be the cause?
- Coronavirus
- Rhinovirus
- Adenovirus (correct)
- Influenza
A 2-year-old child is brought to the clinic presenting with a barking cough, stridor, and hoarseness. Which of the following conditions is the mostly likely diagnosis?
A 2-year-old child is brought to the clinic presenting with a barking cough, stridor, and hoarseness. Which of the following conditions is the mostly likely diagnosis?
A patient experiences a sore throat and inflammation of the tonsils. What is the most likely viral cause?
A patient experiences a sore throat and inflammation of the tonsils. What is the most likely viral cause?
Flashcards
Rhinosinusitis
Rhinosinusitis
An inflammation of the nasal sinuses; common example is Rhinovirus.
Acute Rhinosinusitis
Acute Rhinosinusitis
Symptoms lasting less than 4 weeks.
Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Symptoms persisting for longer than 12 weeks.
Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis
Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis
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Croup
Croup
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Study Notes
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
- Sinusitis: Caused by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis.
- Pharyngitis: Common causes include S. pyogenes, rhinovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, human metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, coxsackie virus, and human bocavirus.
- Nasopharyngitis: Rhinovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus, influenza virus, and parainfluenza virus are common culprits.
- Tonsillitis: Infections frequently involve S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and S. aureus.
- Laryngitis: Parainfluenza viruses 1 and 2, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, S. aureus, group A and G streptococci, C. pneumoniae, and M. pneumoniae are potential causes.
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
- Bronchitis: Caused by influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, C. pneumoniae, M. pneumoniae, and B. pertussis.
- Bronchiolitis: Respiratory syncytial virus is a significant cause of bronchiolitis. Parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, and 3 can also contribute.
- Pneumonia: Respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, adenovirus, SARS-CoV-2, S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenzae type b, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza viruses 1-3, C. pneumoniae, M. pneumoniae, and L. pneumophila can all infect the lungs.
Specific Viral Infections
- Rhinosinusitis (common cold): Rhinovirus is the most prevalent cause.
- Acute Rhinosinusitis: Symptoms present for less than 4 weeks.
- Subacute Rhinosinusitis: Symptoms present for 4-12 weeks.
- Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Symptoms persist for longer than 12 weeks.
- Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis: Adenovirus is a frequent cause of both conditions.
- Laryngitis: Rhinovirus, coronavirus, influenza virus, and parainfluenza virus contribute to this commonly inflamed larynx and trachea condition.
- Croup (viral laryngotracheobronchitis): Parainfluenza virus causes this inflammatory condition that often affects children under 3 years old.
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Description
Overview of upper and lower respiratory tract infections, listing common causative pathogens like S. pneumoniae, influenza virus and others. Covers sinusitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis and more.
