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What was the temperature when Floyd's fever reached its peak?
How long did it take for Floyd to start improving?
Which of the following is a characteristic of Streptococcal infections?
Which viral infection of the respiratory tract is especially concerning for premature infants?
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What is the likely cause of atypical pneumonia after attending a party with a large indoor water fountain?
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Which fungal infection is caused by a dimorphic fungus and found mostly in the Ohio and Mississippi river valleys?
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Where are fungal infections such as histoplasmosis found mostly in the United States?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of fungal infections of the respiratory tract?
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What is the most prevalent clinical form of Cryptococcosis in AIDS patients?
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How are fungal infections acquired?
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Which part of the respiratory tract contains alveoli for gas exchange?
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Which of the following is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract?
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What is the role of the mucociliary escalator system in the respiratory tract?
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Which family of viruses causes influenza?
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What are the three proteins on which influenza's pathogenicity depends?
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What can influenza viruses undergo, leading to the emergence of new strains?
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What is a treatment option for influenza?
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What virus causes COVID-19?
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What type of virus is SARS-CoV-2?
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What symptoms can COVID-19 present?
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Which virus causes RSV disease?
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What is the role of Hemagglutinin in influenza viruses?
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Which bacterium is the causative agent of legionellosis?
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Which bacterium is often associated with hospital-acquired pneumonia?
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Which bacterium causes inhalation anthrax?
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Which infection is characterized by a lack of a rigid cell wall in the causative bacterium?
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Which infection can manifest as latent, primary, or secondary disease?
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Which infection is caused by a bacterium with 91 serotypes and a vaccine available?
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Which infection is characterized by the formation of granulomas and caseous lesions?
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Which infection is caused by a bacterium that can be transmitted via inhalation of contaminated water droplets?
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Which infection is characterized by a prodromal phase before potentially fatal symptoms develop?
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Which infection is on the rise in developed nations and can become multidrug resistant?
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Which infection is typically caused by viral or bacterial infections?
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Which infection is characterized by atypical pneumonias affecting multiple organ systems and causing gradual symptoms?
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What is the most common diagnosis in sick children?
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What increases the likelihood of bacterial trapping in infants, leading to ear infections?
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Which bacterial species commonly cause acute otitis media in healthy children?
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What bacterial infection often accompanies middle ear infections in children and pneumonia in adults?
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How is Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) diagnosed?
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How is strep throat spread?
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What autoimmune reactions can result from streptococcal infections?
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How is diphtheria diagnosed?
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What produces a thick, leather-like pseudomembrane in diphtheria vaccine?
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How is whooping cough acquired?
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Match the following respiratory tract infection with its likely cause:
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Match the following fungal infection with its associated geographic location in the United States:
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Match the following fungal infection with its common clinical form in AIDS patients:
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Match the following viral infection with its especially concerning population:
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Study Notes
Lower Respiratory Tract Bacterial Infections Overview
- Whooping cough progresses through catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent stages with characteristic symptoms.
- Pertussis toxin (PT) disrupts signaling pathways and can induce immunosuppression, leading to secondary infections.
- Acute bronchitis is characterized by inflammation of the bronchi and is typically caused by viral or bacterial infections.
- Community-acquired pneumonia can be typical or atypical, with atypical pneumonias affecting multiple organ systems and causing gradual symptoms.
- Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is common among the elderly, smokers, and immunocompromised individuals, with 91 serotypes and a vaccine available.
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes atypical pneumonia and lacks a rigid cell wall, leading to symptoms like headache, malaise, and a nonproductive cough.
- Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of legionellosis, is an aerobic, Gram-negative bacterium that contaminates various water sources and can be transmitted via inhalation of contaminated water droplets.
- Hospital-acquired pneumonia is often caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic, Gram-negative pathogen with numerous virulence factors.
- Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is on the rise in developed nations and can become multidrug resistant, posing a risk especially to individuals with HIV.
- Tuberculosis pathogenesis involves the formation of granulomas and caseous lesions, leading to calcified Ghon complexes and cavities in the lungs.
- Tuberculosis can manifest as latent, primary, or secondary disease, with the latter being contagious and characterized by symptoms like coughing, fever, and weight loss.
- Bacillus anthracis causes inhalation anthrax, with spores being inhaled and leading to a prodromal phase before potentially fatal symptoms develop.
Respiratory Tract Bacterial Infections: Key Points
- Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most common diagnosis in sick children and can be caused by viruses, Gram-positive, and Gram-negative bacteria.
- In infants, the Eustachian tube's short and horizontal path increases the likelihood of bacterial trapping, leading to ear infections.
- Three bacterial species commonly cause AOM in healthy children: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis, treated with antibiotics.
- Bacterial sinusitis often accompanies middle ear infections in children and pneumonia in adults, causing symptoms like facial pain and nasal discharge, treated with antibiotics.
- Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) causes pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and laryngitis, and is diagnosed through culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing.
- Streptococcal pharyngitis, or strep throat, is contagious and spread through person-to-person contact, with symptoms such as fever, sore throat, and a distinctive rash.
- Streptococcal sequelae, like acute rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis, result from the immune response to streptococcal infections, causing autoimmune reactions.
- Diphtheria, caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, is diagnosed through PCR of dtx or antigenic testing of dtx gene product and treated with antibiotics and antitoxin.
- Diphtheria vaccine is part of the DTaP series and produces a thick, leather-like pseudomembrane.
- Whooping cough, caused by Bordetella pertussis, is highly contagious and acquired through inhalation of aerosolized droplets, with an incubation period of 7–21 days.
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Description
Test your knowledge of Lower Respiratory Tract Bacterial Infections with this comprehensive quiz. Explore key points about whooping cough, acute bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and more. Learn about the causative agents, symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment options for these infections affecting the respiratory system.
