Bacterial Diseases - Inhalation Quiz

Bacterial Diseases Acquired Through Inhalation

• Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTIs)

  • Streptococcus pyogenes infection causes sore throat, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, and impetigo. Rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis can be sequelae.
  • Diphtheria is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, characterized by a pseudomembrane and diphtheria toxin.
  • Acute follicular tonsillitis is high-grade fever and hyperemic enlarged tonsils. Sequelae of rheumatic fever or acute glomerulonephritis.
  • Impetigo is skin infection producing pustules, without scar formation. Can cause sequelae of acute glomerulonephritis.
  • Scarlet fever is characterized by skin rashes and strawberry tongue, caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.

• Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTIs)

  • Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi.
  • Pneumonia is lung inflammation caused by pneumococcal bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae), Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, or Staphylococcus aureus.

• Tuberculosis

  • Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • Can affect any part of the body, primarily the lungs.
  • Latent TB infection (LTBI): Infected but asymptomatic, not contagious.
  • TB disease: Active infection, exhibiting symptoms, and contagious.
  • Diagnosis includes sputum sample for morphology (bacillus), and skin test (tuberculin).

Bacterial Diseases Acquired Through Ingestion

• Bacillary Dysentery(Shigellosis)

  • Caused by Shigella species.
  • Spread through fecal-oral route (contaminated food or water).
  • Manifestations include fever, diarrhea that's often bloody/containing pus, mucus, and/or blood, and/or rectal bleeding.

• Staphylococcal Food Poisoning

  • Caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
  • Food is contaminated. Improper handling or storing. Staphylococcal toxins cause foodborne illness.
  • Incubation period is 1-6 hours. Common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and/or abdominal cramps.
  • No significant fever.

• Cholera

  • Caused by Vibrio cholerae.
  • Transmission through contaminated food and water, often linked to poor sanitation or natural disasters.
  • Causes severe diarrhea, leading to dehydration. Symptoms include profuse watery diarrhea(sometimes referred to as "rice water stool"), vomiting, and rapid dehydration.

• Salmonella Food Poisoning

  • Caused by Salmonella enteritidis or Typhimurium.
  • Associated with contaminated food (often poultry, eggs, or unpasteurized milk).
  • Incubation period of 12-72 hours.
  • Common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramps, and fever.

• Other Foodborne Bacterial Infections

  • Other bacteria that cause food poisoning include E. coli, and Clostridium botulinum.

Bacterial Diseases Transmitted Through Ingestion

• Bacterial Dysentery.
• Staphylcoccal food poisoning
• Cholera
• Salmonella food poisoning
• E. coli (food poisoning)
• Brucellosis Often linked to animal products (meat).
• Botulism: Caused by Clostridium botulinum toxin, primarily from improperly preserved foods(cans), causing muscle weakness or paralysis.
• Other

Systemic Infections

• Typhoid Fever caused by Salmonella typhi.
• Brucellosis (Malta fever), caused by Brucella species, often transmitted from infected animals.

Test your knowledge on bacterial diseases acquired through inhalation, focusing on upper and lower respiratory tract infections. This quiz covers key pathogens such as Streptococcus pyogenes and Corynebacterium diphtheriae, along with their associated diseases and sequelae. Challenge yourself with questions about the symptoms and complications of these infections.