Respiratory System Self-Assessment

Which of the following is NOT a basic function of the respiratory system?

The upper respiratory system contains which of the following?

The respiratory tract consists of the airways that carry air to and from the exchange surfaces of the lungs with a conducting portion - which begins at the entrance to the nasal cavity of the mouth and extends to the:

The term respiration refers to ______ integrated processes.

Pulmonary ventilation (breathing):

Pulmonary ventilation (breathing) has the primary function of maintaining adequate:

Air moves into and out of the respiratory tract as the ______ pressure in the lungs cycles below atmospheric pressure (drawing air in) and above atmospheric pressure (pushing air out).

Dalton's Law states that:

Air continues to enter the lungs until their volume stops increasing and the internal pressure is:

The compliance of the lungs is an indication of their:

Surfactant is produced by septal cells of the alveoli and is an oily secretion that forms a layer on the inside of the alveoli,

The intrapulmonary (intra-alveolar) pressure is the pressure measured inside the respiratory tractat the alveoli, and on inhalation it drops from atmospheric pressure of 760 mm Hg to about:

The ______ is the pressure measured inside the space between the parietal and visceral pleurae and on inhalation it drops from atmospheric pressure of 760 mm Hg to about 756 mm Hg, but can drop to 742 mm Hg during a powerful inhalation.

A respiratory cycle is a single cycle of inhalation and exhalation and the ______ is the amount of air you move into or out of the lungs during a single respiratory cycle.

Air moves into and out of the respiratory system by changing the volume of the lungs, altering the pressure relationships and thus air movement, and this is primarily achieved by the contraction of:

______ movements are usually classified as quiet breathing or forced breathing by the pattern of muscle activity in the course of a single respiratory cycle.

In quiet breathing, inhalation is ______ involving muscular contractions of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

In costal (shallow) breathing inhalation is during expansion of the:

During quiet breathing, when the muscles of inhalation relax, elastic components recoil returning the diaphragm and/or the rib cage to their original positions - so-called:

Diaphragmatic breathing typically occurs at ______ levels of activity and as increased volumes of air are required the inspiratory movements are larger and the contribution of rib movement increases.

In forced breathing (hyperpnea) exhalation involves contraction of the:

During inspiration nerve impulses travel on the ______ nerve to muscle fibres in the diaphragm causing them to contract

During expiration, the elastic tissues of the lungs and thoracic cage, which were stretched during inspiration, suddenly recoil, and surface tension collapses the:

Which of the following is NOT a component of the total lung volume?

The resting tidal volume is the amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs during a single respiratory cycle under resting conditions averaging about:

The expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is the amount of air that can be voluntarily expelled after completing a normal, quiet respiratory cycle and with maximal use of the ______ typically an additional 1000 ml of air can be expelled.

The residual volume is the amount of air that remains in the lungs even after a maximal ______ around 1200 ml, and the minimal volume (a component of the residual volume) is the amount of air that would remain in your lungs if they were allowed to collapse.

The inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) is the amount of air that can be inhaled above and beyond the ______ and varies by gender (around 3300 ml in males, around 1900 ml in females).

The inspiratory ______ is the amount of air that can be drawn into the lungs after completing a quiet respiratory cycle

The functional residual capacity (FRC) is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after completing a ______ respiratory cycle

The ______ capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs in a single respiratory cycle.

The total lung capacity is the total volume of the lungs, around ______ in males, around 4500 ml in females.

Which of the following is NOT a major type or pattern of ventilation?

Gas exchange at the respiratory membrane is efficient because:

When circulating blood plasma concentrations of oxygen or carbon dioxide are high, the excess molecules are removed by the:

The percentage of haeme units containing bound oxygen at any moment is called the:

An oxygen-haemoglobin saturation (dissociation) curve, is a graph that relates the saturation of haemoglobin to the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), if PO2 increases the reaction (and curve) ______ and more oxygen gets bound to haemoglobin principally shifts

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used to remove carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular metabolism, from the bloodstream?

Respiratory control has both involuntary and voluntary components and particularly important are the respiratory centres of the medulla oblongata and ______ which alter the pattern of breathing.

Which of the following does NOT affect activity of the respiratory centres?

Pulmonary ventilation

Intrapulmonary pressure

Intrapleural pressure

Tidal volume

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

Residual volume

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

Vital capacity

Total lung capacity

Gas exchange

Hemoglobin saturation

Carbon dioxide removal

Respiratory control centers

Breathing

Respiratory cycle

Lung pressure

Lung compliance

Surfactant

Intrathoracic pressure

Oxygen uptake

Carbon dioxide release

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

Eupnea

Dyspnea

Tachypnea

Hypopnea

Upper respiratory system components

Lower respiratory system components