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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a basic function of the respiratory system?
Which of the following is NOT a basic function of the respiratory system?
The upper respiratory system contains which of the following?
The upper respiratory system contains which of the following?
The respiratory tract consists of the airways that carry air to and from the exchange surfaces of the lungs with a conducting portion - which begins at the entrance to the nasal cavity of the mouth and extends to the:
The respiratory tract consists of the airways that carry air to and from the exchange surfaces of the lungs with a conducting portion - which begins at the entrance to the nasal cavity of the mouth and extends to the:
The term respiration refers to ______ integrated processes.
The term respiration refers to ______ integrated processes.
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Pulmonary ventilation (breathing):
Pulmonary ventilation (breathing):
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Pulmonary ventilation (breathing) has the primary function of maintaining adequate:
Pulmonary ventilation (breathing) has the primary function of maintaining adequate:
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Air moves into and out of the respiratory tract as the ______ pressure in the lungs cycles below atmospheric pressure (drawing air in) and above atmospheric pressure (pushing air out).
Air moves into and out of the respiratory tract as the ______ pressure in the lungs cycles below atmospheric pressure (drawing air in) and above atmospheric pressure (pushing air out).
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Dalton's Law states that:
Dalton's Law states that:
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Air continues to enter the lungs until their volume stops increasing and the internal pressure is:
Air continues to enter the lungs until their volume stops increasing and the internal pressure is:
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The compliance of the lungs is an indication of their:
The compliance of the lungs is an indication of their:
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Surfactant is produced by septal cells of the alveoli and is an oily secretion that forms a layer on the inside of the alveoli,
Surfactant is produced by septal cells of the alveoli and is an oily secretion that forms a layer on the inside of the alveoli,
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The intrapulmonary (intra-alveolar) pressure is the pressure measured inside the respiratory tractat the alveoli, and on inhalation it drops from atmospheric pressure of 760 mm Hg to about:
The intrapulmonary (intra-alveolar) pressure is the pressure measured inside the respiratory tractat the alveoli, and on inhalation it drops from atmospheric pressure of 760 mm Hg to about:
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The ______ is the pressure measured inside the space between the parietal and visceral pleurae and on inhalation it drops from atmospheric pressure of 760 mm Hg to about 756 mm Hg, but can drop to 742 mm Hg during a powerful inhalation.
The ______ is the pressure measured inside the space between the parietal and visceral pleurae and on inhalation it drops from atmospheric pressure of 760 mm Hg to about 756 mm Hg, but can drop to 742 mm Hg during a powerful inhalation.
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A respiratory cycle is a single cycle of inhalation and exhalation and the ______ is the amount of air you move into or out of the lungs during a single respiratory cycle.
A respiratory cycle is a single cycle of inhalation and exhalation and the ______ is the amount of air you move into or out of the lungs during a single respiratory cycle.
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Air moves into and out of the respiratory system by changing the volume of the lungs, altering the pressure relationships and thus air movement, and this is primarily achieved by the contraction of:
Air moves into and out of the respiratory system by changing the volume of the lungs, altering the pressure relationships and thus air movement, and this is primarily achieved by the contraction of:
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______ movements are usually classified as quiet breathing or forced breathing by the pattern of muscle activity in the course of a single respiratory cycle.
______ movements are usually classified as quiet breathing or forced breathing by the pattern of muscle activity in the course of a single respiratory cycle.
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In quiet breathing, inhalation is ______ involving muscular contractions of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
In quiet breathing, inhalation is ______ involving muscular contractions of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
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In costal (shallow) breathing inhalation is during expansion of the:
In costal (shallow) breathing inhalation is during expansion of the:
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During quiet breathing, when the muscles of inhalation relax, elastic components recoil returning the diaphragm and/or the rib cage to their original positions - so-called:
During quiet breathing, when the muscles of inhalation relax, elastic components recoil returning the diaphragm and/or the rib cage to their original positions - so-called:
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Diaphragmatic breathing typically occurs at ______ levels of activity and as increased volumes of air are required the inspiratory movements are larger and the contribution of rib movement increases.
Diaphragmatic breathing typically occurs at ______ levels of activity and as increased volumes of air are required the inspiratory movements are larger and the contribution of rib movement increases.
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In forced breathing (hyperpnea) exhalation involves contraction of the:
In forced breathing (hyperpnea) exhalation involves contraction of the:
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During inspiration nerve impulses travel on the ______ nerve to muscle fibres in the diaphragm causing them to contract
During inspiration nerve impulses travel on the ______ nerve to muscle fibres in the diaphragm causing them to contract
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During expiration, the elastic tissues of the lungs and thoracic cage, which were stretched during inspiration, suddenly recoil, and surface tension collapses the:
During expiration, the elastic tissues of the lungs and thoracic cage, which were stretched during inspiration, suddenly recoil, and surface tension collapses the:
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the total lung volume?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the total lung volume?
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The resting tidal volume is the amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs during a single respiratory cycle under resting conditions averaging about:
The resting tidal volume is the amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs during a single respiratory cycle under resting conditions averaging about:
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The expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is the amount of air that can be voluntarily expelled after completing a normal, quiet respiratory cycle and with maximal use of the ______ typically an additional 1000 ml of air can be expelled.
The expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is the amount of air that can be voluntarily expelled after completing a normal, quiet respiratory cycle and with maximal use of the ______ typically an additional 1000 ml of air can be expelled.
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The residual volume is the amount of air that remains in the lungs even after a maximal ______ around 1200 ml, and the minimal volume (a component of the residual volume) is the amount of air that would remain in your lungs if they were allowed to collapse.
The residual volume is the amount of air that remains in the lungs even after a maximal ______ around 1200 ml, and the minimal volume (a component of the residual volume) is the amount of air that would remain in your lungs if they were allowed to collapse.
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The inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) is the amount of air that can be inhaled above and beyond the ______ and varies by gender (around 3300 ml in males, around 1900 ml in females).
The inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) is the amount of air that can be inhaled above and beyond the ______ and varies by gender (around 3300 ml in males, around 1900 ml in females).
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The inspiratory ______ is the amount of air that can be drawn into the lungs after completing a quiet respiratory cycle
The inspiratory ______ is the amount of air that can be drawn into the lungs after completing a quiet respiratory cycle
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The functional residual capacity (FRC) is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after completing a ______ respiratory cycle
The functional residual capacity (FRC) is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after completing a ______ respiratory cycle
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The ______ capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs in a single respiratory cycle.
The ______ capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs in a single respiratory cycle.
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The total lung capacity is the total volume of the lungs, around ______ in males, around 4500 ml in females.
The total lung capacity is the total volume of the lungs, around ______ in males, around 4500 ml in females.
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Which of the following is NOT a major type or pattern of ventilation?
Which of the following is NOT a major type or pattern of ventilation?
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Gas exchange at the respiratory membrane is efficient because:
Gas exchange at the respiratory membrane is efficient because:
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When circulating blood plasma concentrations of oxygen or carbon dioxide are high, the excess molecules are removed by the:
When circulating blood plasma concentrations of oxygen or carbon dioxide are high, the excess molecules are removed by the:
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The percentage of haeme units containing bound oxygen at any moment is called the:
The percentage of haeme units containing bound oxygen at any moment is called the:
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An oxygen-haemoglobin saturation (dissociation) curve, is a graph that relates the saturation of haemoglobin to the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), if PO2 increases the reaction (and curve) ______ and more oxygen gets bound to haemoglobin principally shifts
An oxygen-haemoglobin saturation (dissociation) curve, is a graph that relates the saturation of haemoglobin to the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), if PO2 increases the reaction (and curve) ______ and more oxygen gets bound to haemoglobin principally shifts
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Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used to remove carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular metabolism, from the bloodstream?
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used to remove carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular metabolism, from the bloodstream?
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Respiratory control has both involuntary and voluntary components and particularly important are the respiratory centres of the medulla oblongata and ______ which alter the pattern of breathing.
Respiratory control has both involuntary and voluntary components and particularly important are the respiratory centres of the medulla oblongata and ______ which alter the pattern of breathing.
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Which of the following does NOT affect activity of the respiratory centres?
Which of the following does NOT affect activity of the respiratory centres?
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Study Notes
Respiratory System Self-Assessment
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Basic Functions of Respiratory System (Not): Controlling body fluid volume is not a basic function; sound production, gas exchange, and moving air are.
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Upper Respiratory System Components: Contains the larynx (voice box), pharynx, and trachea (windpipe).
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Respiratory Tract: Consists of airways conducting air to and from the exchange surfaces of the lungs. Begins at the nasal/mouth entrance and extends to the bronchi.
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Respiration Definition: Respiration refers to integrated processes (3 or 4).
Pulmonary Ventilation (Breathing)
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Description: The physical movement of air into and out of the lungs; gas exchange across respiratory membranes.
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Function: Primary function is maintaining adequate alveolar ventilation and blood pH.
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Air Movement: Air moves in and out based on pressure differences between the lungs and the atmosphere.
Dalton's Law
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Statement: The total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures of the individual gases.
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Gas Movement: Gases move from higher to lower pressure areas.
Lung Volume and Pressure
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Intrapulmonary Pressure: Pressure inside the respiratory tract at the alveoli.
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Inhalation Pressure Change: During inhalation (breathing in), intrapulmonary pressure drops below atmospheric pressure, causing air to enter the lungs.
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Exhalation Pressure Change: During exhalation (breathing out), intrapulmonary pressure increases above atmospheric pressure, pushing air out of the lungs.
Pulmonary Compliance
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Definition: The lungs' ability to expand and contract.
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Sign of Compliance: A measure of a lung's expandability, and volume.
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Surfactant Role: A fluid secreted by alveolar cells that reduces surface tension, which improves the lungs' ability to inflate.
Respiratory Muscles
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Quiet Breathing Control: Primarily controlled by the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles with inhalation.
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Inhalation Muscles: Diaphragm contracts and moves downward, intercostals expand rib cage.
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Forced Breathing Control: Both inhalation and exhalation involve greater muscular effort, including other muscles.
Other Concepts
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Intrapleural Pressure: The pressure in the space between the parietal and visceral pleurae.
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Respiratory Cycle: A single cycle of inhalation and exhalation.
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Respiratory Volumes: Contain Tidal Volume, Residual Volume, Inspiratory Reserve, Expiratory Reserve, and Vital Capacity.
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Respiratory Capacities: Different combinations of pulmonary volumes.
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Control Mechanisms: Components include stretch receptors, chemoreceptors, and changes in blood pressure that affect the respiratory centres, among others.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the respiratory system, including its basic functions, anatomy, and the process of pulmonary ventilation. This quiz covers essential concepts such as respiration, air movement, and Dalton's Law. Assess your understanding of how the respiratory system operates and its role in maintaining bodily functions.
