Physiology Respiratory System Self-Assessment PDF

Physiology Respiratory System Self-Assessment 1. Which of the following is NOT a basic function of the respiratory system? a) produces sounds involved in speaking, singing, and non-verbal auditory communication b) provides extensive area for gas exchange between air and circulating blood c) help...

Physiology Respiratory System Self-Assessment 1. Which of the following is NOT a basic function of the respiratory system? a) produces sounds involved in speaking, singing, and non-verbal auditory communication b) provides extensive area for gas exchange between air and circulating blood c) helps control body fluid volume d) moves air to and from the exchange surfaces of the lungs 2. The upper respiratory system contains which of the following? a) larynx (voice box) b) pharynx c) bronchi d) trachea (windpipe) 3. The respiratory tract consists of the airways that carry air to and from the exchange surfaces of the lungs with a conducting portion - which begins at the entrance to the nasal cavity of the mouth and extends to the: a) secondary bronchioles b) trachea (windpipe) c) terminal bronchioles d) bronchi 4. The term respiration refers to _____________ integrated processes. a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5 5. Pulmonary ventilation (breathing): a) involves the physical movement of air into the lungs b) diffuses gas across the respiratory membrane between alveolar air spaces and alveolar capillaries and across capillary walls between blood and other tissues c) transports oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveolar capillaries and capillary beds in other tissues. d) overcomes pulmonary blood pressure 6. Pulmonary ventilation (breathing) has the primary function of maintaining adequate: a) alveolar ventilation b) bronchiolar ventilation c) blood pH d) pulmonary blood pressure 7. Air moves into and out of the respiratory tract as the ________________ pressure in the lungs cycles below atmospheric pressure (drawing air in) and above atmospheric pressure (pushing air out). a) nitrogen b) blood c) extrapleural d) air 8. Dalton's Law states that: a) gases, singly or in a mixture, move from areas of higher pressure to areas of lower pressure b) as the volume of a container of gases changes, the pressure of gas will change in an inverse manner c) the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures of the individual gases d) the amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid is determined by the partial pressure of the gas and the gas' solubility in the liquid 9. Air continues to enter the lungs until their volume stops increasing and the internal pressure is: a) greater than that outside b) less than that outside c) maximal d) the same as that outside 10. The compliance of the lungs is an indication of their: a) volume b) expandability c) endurance d) power 11. Surfactant is produced by septal cells of the alveoli and is an oily secretion that forms a layer on the inside of the alveoli, a) lubricating the airways b) reducing the surface area c) reducing the surface tension d) increasing the surface tension 12. The intrapulmonary (intra-alveolar) pressure is the pressure measured inside the respiratory tractat the alveoli, and on inhalation it drops from atmospheric pressure of 760 mm Hg to about: a) 739 mm Hg b) 759 mm Hg c) 359 mm Hg d) 159 mm Hg 13. The __________________ is the pressure measured inside the space between the parietal and visceral pleurae and on inhalation it drops from atmospheric pressure of 760 mm Hg to about 756 mm Hg, but can drop to 742 mm Hg during a powerful inhalation. a) atmospheric pressure b) intra-pleural pressure c) intrapulmonary pressure d) interpulmonary pressure 14. A respiratory cycle is a single cycle of inhalation and exhalation and the ________________ is the amount of air you move into or out of the lungs during a single respiratory cycle. a) total volume b) residual volume c) tidal volume d) cyclical volume 15. Air moves into and out of the respiratory system by changing the volume of the lungs, altering the pressure relationships and thus air movement, and this is primarily achieved by the contraction of: a) skeletal muscles b) trachea (windpipe) c) smooth muscle d) bronchi 16. _______________ movements are usually classified as quiet breathing or forced breathing by the pattern of muscle activity in the course of a single respiratory cycle. a) lung b) diaphragmatic c) respiratory d) intercostal 17. In quiet breathing, inhalation is __________ involving muscular contractions of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles a) laboured b) passive c) active d) negligible 18. In costal (shallow) breathing inhalation is during expansion of the: a) diaphragm b) heart c) intrapleural space d) rib cage 19. During quiet breathing, when the muscles of inhalation relax, elastic components recoil returning the diaphragm and/or the rib cage to their original positions - so-called: a) elastic recoil b) elastic facilitation c) elastic rebound d) elastic recovery 20. Diaphragmatic breathing typically occurs at __________________ levels of activity and as increased volumes of air are required the inspiratory movements are larger and the contribution of rib movement increases. a) excessive b) maximal c) average d) minimal 21. In forced breathing (hyperpnea) exhalation involves contraction of the: a) diaphragm b) internal intercostal muscles c) myocardium d) external intercostal muscles 22. During inspiration nerve impulses travel on the ____________ nerve to muscle fibres in the diaphragm causing them to contract a) vagus b) phrenic c) facial d) sciatic 23. During expiration, the elastic tissues of the lungs and thoracic cage, which were stretched during inspiration, suddenly recoil, and surface tension collapses the: a) lungs b) alveolar walls c) bronchi d) diaphragm 24. Which of the following is NOT a component of the total lung volume? a) the vital capacity b) the resting tidal volume c) the residential volume d) the inspiratory reserve volume 25. The resting tidal volume is the amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs during a single respiratory cycle under resting conditions averaging about: a) 5 ml b) 50 ml c) 500 ml d) 5000 ml 26. The expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is the amount of air that can be voluntarily expelled after completing a normal, quiet respiratory cycle and with maximal use of the __________________ typically an additional 1000 ml of air can be expelled. a) elastic components b) accessory muscles c) diaphragm d) lungs 27. The residual volume is the amount of air that remains in the lungs even after a maximal _____________________, around 1200 ml, and the minimal volume (a component of the residual volume) is the amount of air that would remain in your lungs if they were allowed to collapse. a) exhalation b) inhalation c) inflation d) diffusion 28. The inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) is the amount of air that can be inhaled above and beyond the _______________ and varies by gender (around 3300 ml in males, around 1900 ml in females). a) maximum volume b) tidal volume c) total volume d) expiratory reserve volume (ERV) 29. The inspiratory _______________ is the amount of air that can be drawn into the lungs after completing a quiet respiratory cycle a) ability b) capacity c) volume d) space 30. The functional residual capacity (FRC) is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after completing a _________________ respiratory cycle a) forced b) laboured c) quiet d) rapid 31. The _______________ capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs in a single respiratory cycle. a) essential b) vital c) crucial d) total 32. The total lung capacity is the total volume of the lungs, around _______________ in males, around 4500 ml in females. a) 3000 ml b) 4500 ml c) 6000 ml d) 7500 ml 33. Which of the following is NOT a major type or pattern of ventilation? a) eupnea b) dyspnea c) tachypnea d) hypopnea 34. Gas exchange at the respiratory membrane is efficient because: a) the differences in partial pressure across the respiratory membrane are small b) the distances involved in gas exchange are substantial c) the total surface area is small d) blood flow and airflow are co-ordinated 35. When circulating blood plasma concentrations of oxygen or carbon dioxide are high, the excess molecules are removed by the: a) lungs b) platelets c) kidneys d) red blood cells (RBCs) 36. The percentage of haeme units containing bound oxygen at any moment is called the: a) haeme saturation b) haemoglobin saturation c) haemoglobin starvation d) haematocrit 37. An oxygen-haemoglobin saturation (dissociation) curve, is a graph that relates the saturation of haemoglobin to the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), if PO2 increases the reaction (and curve) principally shifts ______________________ and more oxygen gets bound to haemoglobin a) to the left b) upwards c) to the right d) downwards 38. Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used to remove carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular metabolism, from the bloodstream? a) bound to haemoglobin molecules in the red blood cells b) by conversion to carbonic acid c) dissolved in urine d) dissolved in plasma 39. Respiratory control has both involuntary and voluntary components and particularly important are the respiratory centres of the medulla oblongata and ____________________________, which alter the pattern of breathing. a) spinal cord b) cerebellum c) thalamus d) pons 40. Which of the following does NOT affect activity of the respiratory centres? a) stretch receptors b) chemoreceptors c) changes in blood pressure d) monosynaptic reflexes