Standard 7: Chapter 10 Human Respiratory
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Questions and Answers

What is the proportion of oxygen in the air that leaves the lungs?

  • 4.47%
  • 21%
  • 16.46% (correct)
  • 0.03%

    • Carbon dioxide is a gas that must be removed from the body to prevent toxicity.

    True

    What are the main parts of the respiratory system?

    nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

    The proportion of carbon dioxide in the air entering the lungs is _____%.

    <p>0.03</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following gases with their proportions when entering and leaving the lungs:

    <p>Nitrogen = 78% - 78% Oxygen = 21% - 16.46% Carbon dioxide = 0.03% - 4.47% Other gases = 0.97% - 0.97%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gas is primarily carried by arteries from the lungs to the body cells?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Asthma is a respiratory disorder that causes airways to widen.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of asthma?

    <p>Persistent coughing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one disorder of the respiratory system.

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Asthma can be completely cured with the right medication.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Asthma can be influenced by environmental factors such as ______ and pollen.

    <p>dust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary prevention method for lung cancer?

    <p>Avoiding substances that cause lung cancer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to the respiratory system with their definitions:

    <p>Alveoli = Tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs Capillaries = Small blood vessels that exchange gases with cells Red blood cells = Cells that transport oxygen in the blood Lung cancer = A disease that affects the lungs and breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can stimulate asthma?

    <p>Perfumes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A common symptom of lung cancer is ______.

    <p>persistent coughing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following symptoms with the respective conditions:

    <p>Wheezing = Asthma Chest pain during breathing = Lung cancer Shortness of breath = Asthma Cough accompanied by blood = Lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parents with asthma cannot pass the condition to their children.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is a known trigger for asthma?

    <p>Pollen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the airways during an asthma attack?

    <p>They narrow and swell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inherited lung cancer is related to exposure to harmful radiations.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of asthma experienced during the night?

    <p>Excessive coughing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nose in the respiratory system?

    <p>To filter and warm the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pharynx is responsible for transporting air from the lungs to the outside environment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prevents dust and microorganisms from entering the lungs?

    <p>Hair and mucus in the nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ connects the pharynx to the lungs and splits into two bronchi.

    <p>trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the respiratory system is known for adding moisture to the air?

    <p>Nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Breathing through the mouth is recommended for better filtration of air.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the parts of the respiratory system with their functions:

    <p>Nose = Filters air and adds moisture Pharynx = Passes air to the trachea Trachea = Conducts air to the lungs Bronchi = Branches into the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What branches off at the end of the trachea?

    <p>Right bronchus and left bronchus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main aim of the experiment described?

    <p>To identify changes during breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The plastic bottle used in the experiment should have its base removed.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What materials are needed to conduct the breathing experiment?

    <p>Two balloons, three tubes, plastic bottle, rubber sheet, scissors, rope or rubber band.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ should be connected to form a Y-shaped structure for the experiment.

    <p>three tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the components with their corresponding functions in the experiment:

    <p>Balloons = Represent lungs Diaphragm = Aids in breathing Plastic bottle = Holds the apparatus Tubes = Carry air to and from balloons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when you pull the tube or plastic bag downward?

    <p>The balloons expand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The stopper should allow air to pass freely during the experiment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you cover the open base of the bottle with?

    <p>A tube or a plastic bag with a wide diameter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances can stimulate asthma?

    <p>Dust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Asthma can only be inherited from mothers and not from fathers.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common symptom of asthma?

    <p>Breathlessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ____ is a condition that causes airways to narrow, swell, and produce extra mucus.

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the respiratory disorders with their descriptions:

    <p>Asthma = A condition that causes breathing difficulties due to narrowed airways Lung cancer = A disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in the lungs Chronic bronchitis = A long-term inflammation of the airways that leads to mucus production Emphysema = A condition that damages the air sacs in the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of red blood cells in the respiratory system?

    <p>To carry oxygen to the body cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smoking can trigger asthma attacks.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gas leaves the blood and enters the alveoli?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological change occurs when a person engages in physical exercise?

    <p>The rate of breathing increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rate of breathing is not affected by a person's emotional state.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is responsible for increasing the rate of breathing in an anaemic person?

    <p>The need for more oxygen gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A child breathes _____ than an adult.

    <p>faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the factors affecting breathing rate with their effects:

    <p>Physical exercise = Increases breathing rate Fear = Increases breathing rate Age = Varies the breathing rate Anaemia = Increases breathing rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors causes an increase in the rate of breathing in response to energy demands?

    <p>Physical exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Breathing rates are consistent across all age groups.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fear or anger prompts the body to prepare for either _____ or fighting.

    <p>running</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the alveolus in the lungs?

    <p>To allow gaseous exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inhalation is the process of taking air out of the lungs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of mucus in the respiratory system?

    <p>To trap dust and microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diaphragm is a sheet of muscles that separates the chest from the __________.

    <p>stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following respiratory terms with their definitions:

    <p>Larynx = A voice box involved in breathing and voice production Trachea = A tube connecting the pharynx to the lungs Pharynx = An opening that receives air from the nose Exhalation = The process of releasing air from the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes diffusion in the context of the respiratory system?

    <p>The movement of gas from high to low concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of asthma?

    <p>Persistent coughing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anaemia is a condition that affects the respiratory system

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What parts of the respiratory system are involved in vocalization?

    <p>Larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Asthma can be completely cured with the right medication.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one common symptom of lung cancer.

    <p>Persistent coughing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The best way to avoid lung cancer is to avoid __________ causing it.

    <p>substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following symptoms to the correct respiratory condition:

    <p>Wheezing or hissing sound = Asthma Cough accompanied by blood = Lung cancer Chest pressure and pain = Asthma Breathing difficulty = Both</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a method to help prevent asthma attacks?

    <p>Taking medication at the first sign of symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lung cancer is caused by inhaling hazardous __________ or radiations.

    <p>chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Environmental factors do not affect asthma.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lungs?

    <p>To allow oxygen gas to enter the blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Both lungs operate independently during respiration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the small air sacs in the lungs called?

    <p>alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ serves as a passage for air from the pharynx to the bronchi.

    <p>trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following respiratory system components with their functions:

    <p>Alveoli = Site of gaseous exchange Bronchi = Connects trachea to lungs Trachea = Passage for air to the bronchi Mucus = Traps dust and microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gas is produced by body cells during energy production?

    <p>Carbon Dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does breathing help the body?

    <p>Breathing provides oxygen for cellular function and removes carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oxygen is primarily used by humans to burn food for energy.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

    <p>To facilitate the exchange of gases between the body and the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The air we exhale contains a higher concentration of oxygen than the air we inhale.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves taking air in and out of the lungs?

    <p>Breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ is responsible for filtering dust and microorganisms from entering the lungs.

    <p>nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following gases with their presence in inhaled and exhaled air:

    <p>Oxygen = Higher in inhaled air Carbon Dioxide = Higher in exhaled air Nitrogen = Stable in both inhaled and exhaled air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Asthma is a disorder that primarily affects which part of the respiratory system?

    <p>Airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Breathing through the mouth is the best method for air filtration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one factor that can stimulate asthma attacks.

    <p>Pollen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the alveoli in the lungs?

    <p>Exchange gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diaphragm is a muscle that aids in exhalation only.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition results from a lack of healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen in the body?

    <p>Anaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of taking in air to the lungs is called ______.

    <p>inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Mucus = A slippery secretion that traps dusts and microorganisms Pharynx = An opening above the trachea that receives air from the nose Larynx = An organ involved in breathing and voice production Trachea = A tube connecting the pharynx to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes diffusion in the respiratory system?

    <p>Air moves from high concentration to low concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exhalation involves taking air out of the lungs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the muscular sheet that separates the chest from the stomach.

    <p>Diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system?

    <p>Removal of temperature and fluid from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gaseous exchange takes place in the alveoli.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What helps to trap microorganisms and dust in the nasal passages?

    <p>Hair and mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Breathing takes place in two stages, namely exchanging gases in the lungs and __________.

    <p>inhaling/exhaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the muscles in the ribs when air is removed from the lungs?

    <p>Relax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following respiratory structures with their main function:

    <p>Larynx = Voice production Trachea = Air passage to lungs Alveoli = Gas exchange Nose = Filtering air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hair and mucus in the nose are primarily for cooling the air that enters the body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one method to prevent lung cancer.

    <p>Stop smoking or avoid exposure to harmful substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nose in the respiratory system?

    <p>To filter and warm the air entering the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pharynx connects the nose to the mouth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two parts that the trachea branches into?

    <p>bronchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nose contains __________ and mucus which prevent dusts and microorganisms from entering the lungs.

    <p>hairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following parts of the respiratory system with their functions:

    <p>Nose = Filters and warms air Trachea = Conducts air to the lungs Pharynx = Passes air from the nose to the trachea Alveolus = Gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure prevents dust and microorganisms from entering the lungs?

    <p>Nose hairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Breathing through the mouth is preferable for better air filtration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way the nose modifies air before it enters the lungs?

    <p>adds moisture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the diaphragm during breathing?

    <p>To separate the chest from the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exhalation refers to the process of taking air into the lungs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the diaphragm when a person inhales?

    <p>The diaphragm moves downward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ occurs when air is exchanged in the lungs.

    <p>gaseous exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following parts of the respiratory system with their functions:

    <p>Larynx = Produces sound through vibrations Alveoli = Site of gaseous exchange Trachea = Transports air to the bronchi Nose = Filters and moistens air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it recommended to breathe through the nose instead of the mouth?

    <p>It filters and moistens the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inhalation involves the diaphragm moving upward.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the two stages of breathing.

    <p>Inhalation and exhalation, followed by gaseous exchange in the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Respiratory System

    • Oxygen is carried by arteries to body cells to produce energy.
    • Carbon dioxide is removed from body cells by veins, transported to the lungs and exhaled.
    • The respiratory system is composed of the nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchi and the lungs.
    • The process of taking in air is called inhalation, while releasing air out of the lungs is called exhalation.

    Alveoli

    • Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli to the capillaries through the thin walls of the alveoli and capillaries.
    • Carbon dioxide diffuses from the capillaries into the alveoli.

    Disorders of the Respiratory System

    • Disorders of the respiratory system are conditions that prevent it from working properly.
    • Asthma, lung cancer, and other diseases can affect the respiratory system.

    Asthma

    • Swelling and narrowing of airways causes difficult breathing.
    • Triggered by allergic substances, such as pollen, dust, smoke, and perfumes.
    • Symptoms are chest pain, shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, and rib contractions.
    • Asthma is a chronic disease with no cure, but early detection of symptoms allows for better management.

    Lung Cancer

    • Abnormal growth of lung cells leading to swelling.
    • Caused by inhaling hazardous chemicals or radiations often found in industries and mines.
    • Smoking contributes to lung cancer as well.
    • Can be inherited from parents who have been treated with radiation or chemicals.
    • Symptoms include persistent coughing, chest pain, coughing up blood, shortness of breath, and hoarseness.
    • Prevention is crucial, as it involves avoiding substances that cause lung cancer.

    Air Composition Table

    • Nitrogen accounts for the largest composition of both inhaled and exhaled air (78%).
    • Oxygen composition in inhaled air is 21% while it is 16.46% in exhaled air.
    • Carbon dioxide composition increases from 0.03% to 4.47% in the air during exhalation.

    Functions of the Respiratory System

    • Nose: Filters air, adds moisture, and warms air to match body temperature.
    • Pharynx: Connects nose to trachea, helps air pass through freely with strong muscles.
    • Trachea: Long tube that branches into bronchi, carrying air to the lungs.
    • Bronchi: Branch into smaller tubes, leading to alveoli.
    • Lungs: Contain alveoli, site for gas exchange.

    Experiment: Investigating Breathing

    • Aim: To observe the changes in lungs, diaphragm, and ribs during breathing.
    • Materials: Balloons, tubes, plastic bottle, rubber sheet/plastic bag, scissors, rope/rubber band.
    • Procedure:
      • Create a Y-shaped structure with three tubes and attach balloons to the small tubes.
      • Cut the base of the plastic bottle and pass the tubes with balloons through the hole, ensuring air cannot escape.
      • Cover the bottle base with a rubber sheet/plastic bag, securing it with a rope/rubber band.
      • Pull the sheet/bag downward and observe the balloons, representing lungs, inflating.
      • By pulling the sheet/bag, you mimic the diaphragm contracting and the lungs expanding during inhalation.
    • Observations:
      • The balloons inflate when the sheet/bag is pulled down, mimicking lung expansion during inhalation.
      • As the sheet/bag is released, the balloons deflate, simulating lung contraction during exhalation.

    The Respiratory System

    • The respiratory system is responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.
    • Respiration is the process of generating energy from food.
    • The trachea is a tube that carries air from the pharynx to the lungs.
    • Bronchi are branches off the trachea that lead to the lungs.
    • The lungs are located inside the chest cavity and are responsible for gas exchange.
    • Alveoli are small air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.
    • Capillaries are small blood vessels that surround the alveoli and allow for gas exchange.
    • The diaphragm is a sheet of muscle that separates the chest from the stomach and helps with breathing.
    • Inhalation is the process of taking in air.
    • Exhalation is the process of expelling air.
    • Diffusion is the movement of gases from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

    Factors Affecting Breathing Rate

    • Physical exercise increases breathing rate to deliver more oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
    • Fear or anger also increase breathing rate as the body prepares for action.
    • Anemia causes a higher breathing rate to compensate for the lower oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
    • Age affects breathing rate, with children breathing faster than adults.

    Disorders of the Respiratory System

    • Asthma is a condition that causes airways to narrow, swell, and produce excess mucus, making breathing difficult.
    • Lung cancer is caused by abnormal growth of lung cells and can be triggered by smoking, exposure to hazardous chemicals, or genetics.

    Symptoms of Asthma

    • Difficulty breathing accompanied by wheezing or hissing sounds.
    • Chest pressure or pain.
    • Shortness of breath.
    • Excessive coughing, especially at night or in the morning.

    Prevention of Asthma

    • Avoid triggers and allergens, such as pollen and perfumes.
    • Take medication as soon as early symptoms appear.

    Symptoms of Lung Cancer

    • Persistent coughing.
    • Chest pain during breathing or coughing.
    • Coughing up blood.
    • Breathing difficulty.
    • Heavy or scratchy voice.

    Prevention of Lung Cancer

    • Avoid substances that cause lung cancer, such as smoking, exposure to hazardous chemicals, and radiation.
    • Early detection and treatment can improve survival rates.

    The Respiratory System

    • The respiratory system is responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.
    • This system enables the body to generate energy from food.

    Breathing

    • Breathing involves taking in air (inhalation) and expelling air (exhalation).
    • Air enters the lungs through the nose, passing through the pharynx, trachea, and into the bronchi.
    • The air then reaches the alveoli, tiny sacks in the lungs where gaseous exchange takes place.

    Parts of the Respiratory System

    • The nose contains hair and mucus to filter dust and microorganisms.
    • The pharynx acts as a passageway for air from the nose to the trachea.
    • The trachea is a tube extending from the pharynx to the lungs, branching into the right and left bronchi.
    • The larynx, or voice box, sits at the top of the trachea and is involved in breathing, swallowing, and sound production.

    Gaseous Exchange

    • Oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses from the alveoli into the blood.
    • Carbon dioxide from the blood diffuses into the alveoli to be exhaled.

    Inhalation

    • During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and moves downwards.
    • The muscles between the ribs contract, lifting the ribs upwards.
    • These actions expand the chest volume, creating a vacuum that draws air into the lungs.

    Exhalation

    • During exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards.
    • The muscles between the ribs relax, allowing the ribs to descend.
    • These actions decrease the chest volume, pushing air out of the lungs.

    Conditions Affecting the Respiratory System

    • Pneumonia is a lung infection caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
    • Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, often caused by viral infections.
    • Asthma is a chronic disease causing inflammation and narrowing of the airways, making breathing difficult.
    • Lung cancer is a malignant tumor in the lungs, often caused by smoking and environmental factors.
    • Emphysema is a chronic lung disease leading to shortness of breath and a persistent cough, usually related to smoking.
    • Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection mainly affecting the lungs, caused by inhaling bacteria spread through the air.

    Importance of Breathing Through the Nose

    • Breathing through the nose over the mouth is preferable because the nose filters dust and microorganisms using mucus and hairs.
    • The nose also warms and humidifies the air before it reaches the lungs.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the essential functions of the respiratory system, including the processes of inhalation and exhalation, and the role of alveoli in gas exchange. It also addresses common disorders like asthma and lung cancer, outlining their impacts on breathing. Test your knowledge on how the respiratory system works and its importance for overall health.

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