Standard 7: Chapter 10 Human Respiratory

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Questions and Answers

What is the proportion of oxygen in the air that leaves the lungs?

4.47%

21%

16.46% (correct)

0.03%

Carbon dioxide is a gas that must be removed from the body to prevent toxicity.

True

What are the main parts of the respiratory system?

nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

The proportion of carbon dioxide in the air entering the lungs is _____%.

0.03 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following gases with their proportions when entering and leaving the lungs:

Nitrogen = 78% - 78% Oxygen = 21% - 16.46% Carbon dioxide = 0.03% - 4.47% Other gases = 0.97% - 0.97% Signup and view all the answers

What gas is primarily carried by arteries from the lungs to the body cells?

Oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Asthma is a respiratory disorder that causes airways to widen.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of asthma?

Persistent coughing Signup and view all the answers

Name one disorder of the respiratory system.

Asthma Signup and view all the answers

Asthma can be completely cured with the right medication.

False Signup and view all the answers

Asthma can be influenced by environmental factors such as ______ and pollen.

dust Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary prevention method for lung cancer?

Avoiding substances that cause lung cancer. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to the respiratory system with their definitions:

Alveoli = Tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs Capillaries = Small blood vessels that exchange gases with cells Red blood cells = Cells that transport oxygen in the blood Lung cancer = A disease that affects the lungs and breathing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can stimulate asthma?

Perfumes Signup and view all the answers

A common symptom of lung cancer is ______.

persistent coughing Signup and view all the answers

Match the following symptoms with the respective conditions:

Wheezing = Asthma Chest pain during breathing = Lung cancer Shortness of breath = Asthma Cough accompanied by blood = Lung cancer Signup and view all the answers

Parents with asthma cannot pass the condition to their children.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is a known trigger for asthma?

Pollen Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the airways during an asthma attack?

They narrow and swell. Signup and view all the answers

Inherited lung cancer is related to exposure to harmful radiations.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of asthma experienced during the night?

Excessive coughing Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nose in the respiratory system?

To filter and warm the air Signup and view all the answers

The pharynx is responsible for transporting air from the lungs to the outside environment.

False Signup and view all the answers

What prevents dust and microorganisms from entering the lungs?

Hair and mucus in the nose Signup and view all the answers

The __________ connects the pharynx to the lungs and splits into two bronchi.

trachea Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the respiratory system is known for adding moisture to the air?

Nose Signup and view all the answers

Breathing through the mouth is recommended for better filtration of air.

False Signup and view all the answers

Match the parts of the respiratory system with their functions:

Nose = Filters air and adds moisture Pharynx = Passes air to the trachea Trachea = Conducts air to the lungs Bronchi = Branches into the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What branches off at the end of the trachea?

Right bronchus and left bronchus Signup and view all the answers

What is the main aim of the experiment described?

To identify changes during breathing Signup and view all the answers

The plastic bottle used in the experiment should have its base removed.

True Signup and view all the answers

What materials are needed to conduct the breathing experiment?

Two balloons, three tubes, plastic bottle, rubber sheet, scissors, rope or rubber band. Signup and view all the answers

The ______ should be connected to form a Y-shaped structure for the experiment.

three tubes Signup and view all the answers

Match the components with their corresponding functions in the experiment:

Balloons = Represent lungs Diaphragm = Aids in breathing Plastic bottle = Holds the apparatus Tubes = Carry air to and from balloons Signup and view all the answers

What happens when you pull the tube or plastic bag downward?

The balloons expand Signup and view all the answers

The stopper should allow air to pass freely during the experiment.

False Signup and view all the answers

What should you cover the open base of the bottle with?

A tube or a plastic bag with a wide diameter. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances can stimulate asthma?

Dust Signup and view all the answers

Asthma can only be inherited from mothers and not from fathers.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is one common symptom of asthma?

Breathlessness Signup and view all the answers

____ is a condition that causes airways to narrow, swell, and produce extra mucus.

Asthma Signup and view all the answers

Match the respiratory disorders with their descriptions:

Asthma = A condition that causes breathing difficulties due to narrowed airways Lung cancer = A disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in the lungs Chronic bronchitis = A long-term inflammation of the airways that leads to mucus production Emphysema = A condition that damages the air sacs in the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of red blood cells in the respiratory system?

To carry oxygen to the body cells Signup and view all the answers

Smoking can trigger asthma attacks.

True Signup and view all the answers

What type of gas leaves the blood and enters the alveoli?

Carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What physiological change occurs when a person engages in physical exercise?

The rate of breathing increases Signup and view all the answers

The rate of breathing is not affected by a person's emotional state.

False Signup and view all the answers

What factor is responsible for increasing the rate of breathing in an anaemic person?

The need for more oxygen gas. Signup and view all the answers

A child breathes _____ than an adult.

faster Signup and view all the answers

Match the factors affecting breathing rate with their effects:

Physical exercise = Increases breathing rate Fear = Increases breathing rate Age = Varies the breathing rate Anaemia = Increases breathing rate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors causes an increase in the rate of breathing in response to energy demands?

Physical exercise Signup and view all the answers

Breathing rates are consistent across all age groups.

False Signup and view all the answers

Fear or anger prompts the body to prepare for either _____ or fighting.

running Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the alveolus in the lungs?

To allow gaseous exchange Signup and view all the answers

Inhalation is the process of taking air out of the lungs.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of mucus in the respiratory system?

To trap dust and microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

The diaphragm is a sheet of muscles that separates the chest from the __________.

stomach Signup and view all the answers

Match the following respiratory terms with their definitions:

Larynx = A voice box involved in breathing and voice production Trachea = A tube connecting the pharynx to the lungs Pharynx = An opening that receives air from the nose Exhalation = The process of releasing air from the lungs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes diffusion in the context of the respiratory system?

The movement of gas from high to low concentration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of asthma?

Persistent coughing Signup and view all the answers

Anaemia is a condition that affects the respiratory system

False Signup and view all the answers

What parts of the respiratory system are involved in vocalization?

Larynx Signup and view all the answers

Asthma can be completely cured with the right medication.

False Signup and view all the answers

Name one common symptom of lung cancer.

Persistent coughing Signup and view all the answers

The best way to avoid lung cancer is to avoid __________ causing it.

substances Signup and view all the answers

Match the following symptoms to the correct respiratory condition:

Wheezing or hissing sound = Asthma Cough accompanied by blood = Lung cancer Chest pressure and pain = Asthma Breathing difficulty = Both Signup and view all the answers

What is a method to help prevent asthma attacks?

Taking medication at the first sign of symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Lung cancer is caused by inhaling hazardous __________ or radiations.

chemicals Signup and view all the answers

Environmental factors do not affect asthma.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lungs?

To allow oxygen gas to enter the blood cells Signup and view all the answers

Both lungs operate independently during respiration.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the small air sacs in the lungs called?

alveoli Signup and view all the answers

The __________ serves as a passage for air from the pharynx to the bronchi.

trachea Signup and view all the answers

Match the following respiratory system components with their functions:

Alveoli = Site of gaseous exchange Bronchi = Connects trachea to lungs Trachea = Passage for air to the bronchi Mucus = Traps dust and microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

What gas is produced by body cells during energy production?

Carbon Dioxide Signup and view all the answers

How does breathing help the body?

Breathing provides oxygen for cellular function and removes carbon dioxide. Signup and view all the answers

Oxygen is primarily used by humans to burn food for energy.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

To facilitate the exchange of gases between the body and the environment Signup and view all the answers

The air we exhale contains a higher concentration of oxygen than the air we inhale.

False Signup and view all the answers

What process involves taking air in and out of the lungs?

Breathing Signup and view all the answers

The __________ is responsible for filtering dust and microorganisms from entering the lungs.

nose Signup and view all the answers

Match the following gases with their presence in inhaled and exhaled air:

Oxygen = Higher in inhaled air Carbon Dioxide = Higher in exhaled air Nitrogen = Stable in both inhaled and exhaled air Signup and view all the answers

Asthma is a disorder that primarily affects which part of the respiratory system?

Airways Signup and view all the answers

Breathing through the mouth is the best method for air filtration.

False Signup and view all the answers

Name one factor that can stimulate asthma attacks.

Pollen Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the alveoli in the lungs?

Exchange gases Signup and view all the answers

The diaphragm is a muscle that aids in exhalation only.

False Signup and view all the answers

What condition results from a lack of healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen in the body?

Anaemia Signup and view all the answers

The process of taking in air to the lungs is called ______.

inhalation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Mucus = A slippery secretion that traps dusts and microorganisms Pharynx = An opening above the trachea that receives air from the nose Larynx = An organ involved in breathing and voice production Trachea = A tube connecting the pharynx to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes diffusion in the respiratory system?

Air moves from high concentration to low concentration Signup and view all the answers

Exhalation involves taking air out of the lungs.

True Signup and view all the answers

Name the muscular sheet that separates the chest from the stomach.

Diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system?

Removal of temperature and fluid from the body Signup and view all the answers

Gaseous exchange takes place in the alveoli.

True Signup and view all the answers

What helps to trap microorganisms and dust in the nasal passages?

Hair and mucus Signup and view all the answers

Breathing takes place in two stages, namely exchanging gases in the lungs and __________.

inhaling/exhaling Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the muscles in the ribs when air is removed from the lungs?

Relax Signup and view all the answers

Match the following respiratory structures with their main function:

Larynx = Voice production Trachea = Air passage to lungs Alveoli = Gas exchange Nose = Filtering air Signup and view all the answers

The hair and mucus in the nose are primarily for cooling the air that enters the body.

False Signup and view all the answers

Name one method to prevent lung cancer.

Stop smoking or avoid exposure to harmful substances. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nose in the respiratory system?

To filter and warm the air entering the lungs Signup and view all the answers

The pharynx connects the nose to the mouth.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the two parts that the trachea branches into?

bronchi Signup and view all the answers

The nose contains __________ and mucus which prevent dusts and microorganisms from entering the lungs.

hairs Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parts of the respiratory system with their functions:

Nose = Filters and warms air Trachea = Conducts air to the lungs Pharynx = Passes air from the nose to the trachea Alveolus = Gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

Which structure prevents dust and microorganisms from entering the lungs?

Nose hairs Signup and view all the answers

Breathing through the mouth is preferable for better air filtration.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is one way the nose modifies air before it enters the lungs?

adds moisture Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the diaphragm during breathing?

To separate the chest from the stomach Signup and view all the answers

Exhalation refers to the process of taking air into the lungs.

False Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the diaphragm when a person inhales?

The diaphragm moves downward. Signup and view all the answers

The __________ occurs when air is exchanged in the lungs.

gaseous exchange Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parts of the respiratory system with their functions:

Larynx = Produces sound through vibrations Alveoli = Site of gaseous exchange Trachea = Transports air to the bronchi Nose = Filters and moistens air Signup and view all the answers

Why is it recommended to breathe through the nose instead of the mouth?

It filters and moistens the air Signup and view all the answers

Inhalation involves the diaphragm moving upward.

False Signup and view all the answers

Describe the two stages of breathing.

Inhalation and exhalation, followed by gaseous exchange in the lungs. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiratory System

Oxygen is carried by arteries to body cells to produce energy.
Carbon dioxide is removed from body cells by veins, transported to the lungs and exhaled.
The respiratory system is composed of the nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchi and the lungs.
The process of taking in air is called inhalation, while releasing air out of the lungs is called exhalation.

Alveoli

Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli to the capillaries through the thin walls of the alveoli and capillaries.
Carbon dioxide diffuses from the capillaries into the alveoli.

Disorders of the Respiratory System

Disorders of the respiratory system are conditions that prevent it from working properly.
Asthma, lung cancer, and other diseases can affect the respiratory system.

Asthma

Swelling and narrowing of airways causes difficult breathing.
Triggered by allergic substances, such as pollen, dust, smoke, and perfumes.
Symptoms are chest pain, shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, and rib contractions.
Asthma is a chronic disease with no cure, but early detection of symptoms allows for better management.

Lung Cancer

Abnormal growth of lung cells leading to swelling.
Caused by inhaling hazardous chemicals or radiations often found in industries and mines.
Smoking contributes to lung cancer as well.
Can be inherited from parents who have been treated with radiation or chemicals.
Symptoms include persistent coughing, chest pain, coughing up blood, shortness of breath, and hoarseness.
Prevention is crucial, as it involves avoiding substances that cause lung cancer.

Air Composition Table

Nitrogen accounts for the largest composition of both inhaled and exhaled air (78%).
Oxygen composition in inhaled air is 21% while it is 16.46% in exhaled air.
Carbon dioxide composition increases from 0.03% to 4.47% in the air during exhalation.

Functions of the Respiratory System

Nose: Filters air, adds moisture, and warms air to match body temperature.
Pharynx: Connects nose to trachea, helps air pass through freely with strong muscles.
Trachea: Long tube that branches into bronchi, carrying air to the lungs.
Bronchi: Branch into smaller tubes, leading to alveoli.
Lungs: Contain alveoli, site for gas exchange.

Experiment: Investigating Breathing

Aim: To observe the changes in lungs, diaphragm, and ribs during breathing.
Materials: Balloons, tubes, plastic bottle, rubber sheet/plastic bag, scissors, rope/rubber band.
Procedure:
- Create a Y-shaped structure with three tubes and attach balloons to the small tubes.
- Cut the base of the plastic bottle and pass the tubes with balloons through the hole, ensuring air cannot escape.
- Cover the bottle base with a rubber sheet/plastic bag, securing it with a rope/rubber band.
- Pull the sheet/bag downward and observe the balloons, representing lungs, inflating.
- By pulling the sheet/bag, you mimic the diaphragm contracting and the lungs expanding during inhalation.
Observations:
- The balloons inflate when the sheet/bag is pulled down, mimicking lung expansion during inhalation.
- As the sheet/bag is released, the balloons deflate, simulating lung contraction during exhalation.

The Respiratory System

The respiratory system is responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.
Respiration is the process of generating energy from food.
The trachea is a tube that carries air from the pharynx to the lungs.
Bronchi are branches off the trachea that lead to the lungs.
The lungs are located inside the chest cavity and are responsible for gas exchange.
Alveoli are small air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.
Capillaries are small blood vessels that surround the alveoli and allow for gas exchange.
The diaphragm is a sheet of muscle that separates the chest from the stomach and helps with breathing.
Inhalation is the process of taking in air.
Exhalation is the process of expelling air.
Diffusion is the movement of gases from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Factors Affecting Breathing Rate

Physical exercise increases breathing rate to deliver more oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
Fear or anger also increase breathing rate as the body prepares for action.
Anemia causes a higher breathing rate to compensate for the lower oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
Age affects breathing rate, with children breathing faster than adults.

Disorders of the Respiratory System

Asthma is a condition that causes airways to narrow, swell, and produce excess mucus, making breathing difficult.
Lung cancer is caused by abnormal growth of lung cells and can be triggered by smoking, exposure to hazardous chemicals, or genetics.

Symptoms of Asthma

Difficulty breathing accompanied by wheezing or hissing sounds.
Chest pressure or pain.
Shortness of breath.
Excessive coughing, especially at night or in the morning.

Prevention of Asthma

Avoid triggers and allergens, such as pollen and perfumes.
Take medication as soon as early symptoms appear.

Symptoms of Lung Cancer

Persistent coughing.
Chest pain during breathing or coughing.
Coughing up blood.
Breathing difficulty.
Heavy or scratchy voice.

Prevention of Lung Cancer

Avoid substances that cause lung cancer, such as smoking, exposure to hazardous chemicals, and radiation.
Early detection and treatment can improve survival rates.

The Respiratory System

The respiratory system is responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.
This system enables the body to generate energy from food.

Breathing

Breathing involves taking in air (inhalation) and expelling air (exhalation).
Air enters the lungs through the nose, passing through the pharynx, trachea, and into the bronchi.
The air then reaches the alveoli, tiny sacks in the lungs where gaseous exchange takes place.

Parts of the Respiratory System

The nose contains hair and mucus to filter dust and microorganisms.
The pharynx acts as a passageway for air from the nose to the trachea.
The trachea is a tube extending from the pharynx to the lungs, branching into the right and left bronchi.
The larynx, or voice box, sits at the top of the trachea and is involved in breathing, swallowing, and sound production.

Gaseous Exchange

Oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses from the alveoli into the blood.
Carbon dioxide from the blood diffuses into the alveoli to be exhaled.

Inhalation

During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and moves downwards.
The muscles between the ribs contract, lifting the ribs upwards.
These actions expand the chest volume, creating a vacuum that draws air into the lungs.

Exhalation

During exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards.
The muscles between the ribs relax, allowing the ribs to descend.
These actions decrease the chest volume, pushing air out of the lungs.

Conditions Affecting the Respiratory System

Pneumonia is a lung infection caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, often caused by viral infections.
Asthma is a chronic disease causing inflammation and narrowing of the airways, making breathing difficult.
Lung cancer is a malignant tumor in the lungs, often caused by smoking and environmental factors.
Emphysema is a chronic lung disease leading to shortness of breath and a persistent cough, usually related to smoking.
Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection mainly affecting the lungs, caused by inhaling bacteria spread through the air.

Importance of Breathing Through the Nose

Breathing through the nose over the mouth is preferable because the nose filters dust and microorganisms using mucus and hairs.
The nose also warms and humidifies the air before it reaches the lungs.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential functions of the respiratory system, including the processes of inhalation and exhalation, and the role of alveoli in gas exchange. It also addresses common disorders like asthma and lung cancer, outlining their impacts on breathing. Test your knowledge on how the respiratory system works and its importance for overall health.