أسئلة المحاضرة الثامنة أناتومي (قبل التعديل)

What is one of the primary functions of the nasal cavity?

Which sinus is NOT part of the para-nasal sinuses?

How many segments form the pharynx?

What is the main function of the larynx?

What characteristic distinguishes the right bronchus from the left bronchus?

Which of the following accurately describes the structure of the trachea?

At which vertebral level does the trachea bifurcate into the right and left bronchi?

What is the primary function of the para-nasal sinuses?

What are the primary air filtration mechanisms employed by the nasal cavity?

Which statement accurately describes the subdivision of the pharynx?

How do the bronchial structures differ in terms of alignment and size?

What physiological role do the para-nasal sinuses play in the body?

Which description best characterizes the structure of the trachea?

Which of the following statements is true regarding the adaptation of the respiratory system to different functions?

At which anatomical location does the trachea start and what is its length?

Which feature is important for the efficiency of the larynx in voice production?

The respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange, supplying oxygen and removing carbon dioxide.
The system is divided into upper and lower respiratory systems.

Nose:
- Divided by a nasal septum.
- Connects to the nasopharynx.
- Functions: warming, moistening, and filtering air; sense of smell.
- Para-nasal sinuses: frontal, ethmoidal, maxillary, and sphenoidal; these lighten the skull and resonate voice.
Pharynx:
- Located from the base of the skull to the 6th cervical vertebra.
- Divided into nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
- Common pathway for both food and air.
Larynx:
- Located from C3 to C6.
- Composed of cartilage, muscles, and ligaments.
- Functions: air passage and voice production.

Trachea:
- 10 cm long.
- Located in the neck and thorax.
- Bifurcates into the right and left bronchi at the level of T4.
- Composed of C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings.
- Inhaled foreign bodies often pass into the right bronchus due to its vertical position.
Bronchi:
- The trachea branches into two main bronchi
  - Right bronchus: shorter, wider, vertical
  - Left bronchus: longer, narrower, oblique
- Inhaled foreign bodies usually go into the right bronchus because of its vertical position.
Lungs:
- Located within the pleural cavity.
- Composed of millions of alveoli.
- Right lung has 3 lobes; left lung has 2 lobes.
- Surrounded by pleura, a serous membrane reducing friction during breathing.
- Has fissures (transverse and oblique) that separate lobes.
- Lung tissue is elastic, allowing it to fill and deflate .