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Questions and Answers
Which term describes a rapidly increasing rate of breathing?
Which term describes a rapidly increasing rate of breathing?
What does the suffix '-itis' indicate in respiratory terminology?
What does the suffix '-itis' indicate in respiratory terminology?
Which diagnostic procedure involves measuring the volume of air exhaled?
Which diagnostic procedure involves measuring the volume of air exhaled?
What condition is characterized by temporary cessation of breathing?
What condition is characterized by temporary cessation of breathing?
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Which term refers to a surgical incision into the chest?
Which term refers to a surgical incision into the chest?
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What is the medical term for inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes?
What is the medical term for inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes?
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Which combining form refers to the bronchial tubes?
Which combining form refers to the bronchial tubes?
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) primarily affects what?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) primarily affects what?
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Which of the following conditions is NOT classified as a respiratory disorder?
Which of the following conditions is NOT classified as a respiratory disorder?
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What condition is characterized by difficulty breathing while lying down?
What condition is characterized by difficulty breathing while lying down?
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Which term is used to describe low oxygen levels in the tissues?
Which term is used to describe low oxygen levels in the tissues?
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Which therapy is used to convert liquid medication into a mist for easier inhalation?
Which therapy is used to convert liquid medication into a mist for easier inhalation?
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Which physical examination finding indicates tachypnea?
Which physical examination finding indicates tachypnea?
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What is the primary purpose of bronchodilators in COPD treatment?
What is the primary purpose of bronchodilators in COPD treatment?
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In John's case study, which symptom is most indicative of chronic bronchitis?
In John's case study, which symptom is most indicative of chronic bronchitis?
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What is the significance of the sputum culture testing negative for infections in John's diagnosis?
What is the significance of the sputum culture testing negative for infections in John's diagnosis?
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What is the term used for rapid breathing observed in John’s physical examination?
What is the term used for rapid breathing observed in John’s physical examination?
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Which of the following is NOT a recommended treatment for John’s COPD?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended treatment for John’s COPD?
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What does a chest X-ray reveal in John's case, contributing to his diagnosis?
What does a chest X-ray reveal in John's case, contributing to his diagnosis?
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Which behavior is recommended for John to reduce further lung damage?
Which behavior is recommended for John to reduce further lung damage?
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Study Notes
Respiratory System Overview
- Key functions: Supply oxygen to the blood and remove carbon dioxide, maintain oxygen and carbon dioxide balance.
- Main organs: Nose, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchi, lungs.
Combining Forms in Respiratory Terminology
- Pulmon/o, Pneum/o, Pneumon/o: Refers to the lungs.
- Pulmonology: Study of lung diseases.
- Pneumonia: Infection causing lung inflammation.
- Bronch/o, Bronchi/o: Refers to the bronchial tubes.
- Bronchoscopy: Visual examination of the bronchi.
- Bronchitis: Inflammation of the bronchi.
- Trache/o: Refers to the trachea (windpipe).
- Tracheotomy: Surgical opening into the trachea.
- Thorac/o: Refers to the chest cavity.
- Thoracotomy: Surgical incision into the chest.
Prefixes in Respiratory Terminology
- Tachy-: Fast.
- Tachypnea: Rapid breathing.
- Brady-: Slow.
- Bradypnea: Slow breathing.
- Dys-: Difficult or painful.
- Dyspnea: Difficulty breathing.
- A- or An-: Absence of or without.
- Apnea: Temporary cessation of breathing.
Suffixes in Respiratory Terminology
- -pnea: Refers to breathing.
- Eupnea: Normal breathing.
- Hyperpnea: Increased rate and depth of breathing.
- -oxia: Refers to oxygen.
- Hypoxia: Low oxygen levels in the tissues.
- Anoxia: Absence of oxygen.
- -thorax: Refers to the chest cavity.
- Pneumothorax: Air in the chest cavity causing lung collapse.
- -itis: Refers to inflammation.
- Rhinitis: Inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes.
Common Respiratory Conditions
- Asthma: Chronic airway inflammation and narrowing, causing wheezing and shortness of breath.
- COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease): Progressive lung disease obstructing airflow.
- Emphysema: A form of COPD causing damage to the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs.
- Pneumonia: Infection leading to inflammation of the alveoli (air sacs).
- Tuberculosis (TB): Bacterial infection affecting the lungs.
Respiratory System Diagnostic Procedures
- Spirometry: Tests lung function and airflow by measuring the volume of exhaled air.
- Chest X-ray: Imaging technique to examine the lungs and chest cavity.
- Bronchoscopy: Visualization of the airways using an endoscope.
- Pulse Oximetry: Non-invasive method to measure oxygen saturation in the blood.
Medical Terminology Related to Respiratory Disorders
- Bronchiectasis: Chronic dilation of the bronchi.
- Pleurodynia: Pain in the pleura (lining of the lungs).
- Hemoptysis: Coughing up blood.
- Orthopnea: Difficulty breathing while lying down.
- Pleuritis: Inflammation of the pleura.
Respiratory Treatments
- Inhalers: Devices delivering medication to the lungs for conditions like asthma and COPD.
- Nebulizer Therapy: Converts liquid medication into a mist for easier inhalation.
- Ventilation Support: Use of ventilators to assist or replace breathing.
Case Study Example (from provided text):
- Patient: John
- Presenting Complaints: Difficulty breathing, persistent cough, occasional chest tightness (past 2 months). Fatigue & shortness of breath especially with exertion and climbing stairs.
- History of Present Illness: Increasing dyspnea (difficulty breathing) especially during exertion, chronic productive cough with yellow sputum, 20 years smoking history (1 pack/day). Wheezing (whistling sounds) and tachypnea (rapid breathing).
- Physical Examination: Respiratory Rate 26 breaths/minute (tachypnea), Oxygen Saturation 88% (hypoxia), wheezing and crackles in lower lobes.
- Diagnostic Procedures: Spirometry revealed reduced FEV1, confirming COPD, Pulse Oximetry showed low blood oxygen levels. Sputum culture negative for infections, ruling out pneumonia.
- Diagnosis: COPD with coexisting chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
- Treatment Plan: Smoking cessation referral program, bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation.
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Description
Explore the key functions and main organs of the respiratory system, including terminology related to diseases and surgical procedures. This quiz will test your knowledge on foundations of pulmonology and essential medical terms related to respiratory health.
