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Questions and Answers
What is the primary reason for dyspnea on mild exertion in patients with left ventricular failure?
What is the primary reason for dyspnea on mild exertion in patients with left ventricular failure?
- Systemic perfusion deficiency
- Decreased cardiac output during exercise
- Cerebral and tissue acidosis
- Increased pulmonary venous pressure (correct)
What is the likely cause of bronchospasm in cardiac asthma?
What is the likely cause of bronchospasm in cardiac asthma?
- Edema fluid in the alveoli
- Local receptors in the bronchial walls (correct)
- Pulmonary congestion
- Increased cardiac output
Which of the following terms describes an abnormal increase in respiratory rate above normal?
Which of the following terms describes an abnormal increase in respiratory rate above normal?
- Hyperventilation
- Hyperpnea
- Tachypnea (correct)
- Dyspnea
What is the term for an increase in minute alveolar ventilation in response to an increase in metabolic stimulus?
What is the term for an increase in minute alveolar ventilation in response to an increase in metabolic stimulus?
Which of the following is a normal finding?
Which of the following is a normal finding?
What is the consequence of left ventricular failure on pulmonary vessels over time?
What is the consequence of left ventricular failure on pulmonary vessels over time?
What is the term for dyspnea that occurs when standing upright or sitting?
What is the term for dyspnea that occurs when standing upright or sitting?
Which of the following is a consequence of left ventricular failure?
Which of the following is a consequence of left ventricular failure?
What is the primary reason for orthopnea in patients with left ventricle insufficiency?
What is the primary reason for orthopnea in patients with left ventricle insufficiency?
In patients with congestive heart failure, what contributes to the pulmonary circulation being already overloaded?
In patients with congestive heart failure, what contributes to the pulmonary circulation being already overloaded?
What is the effect of assuming an erect position on patients with congestive heart failure?
What is the effect of assuming an erect position on patients with congestive heart failure?
What may occur in patients with left ventricle insufficiency when they are in the horizontal position?
What may occur in patients with left ventricle insufficiency when they are in the horizontal position?
What is the primary mechanism causing paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea in patients with heart failure?
What is the primary mechanism causing paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea in patients with heart failure?
What is the effect of increased blood volume in the lungs on patients with left ventricle insufficiency?
What is the effect of increased blood volume in the lungs on patients with left ventricle insufficiency?
What is a possible additional mechanism contributing to paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea in patients who experience it only during sleep?
What is a possible additional mechanism contributing to paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea in patients who experience it only during sleep?
What occurs when a patient with left ventricle insufficiency assumes a more erect position?
What occurs when a patient with left ventricle insufficiency assumes a more erect position?
What is the primary difference between orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
What is the primary difference between orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
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