Respiratory System Terminology

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What is the primary reason for dyspnea on mild exertion in patients with left ventricular failure?

Systemic perfusion deficiency

Decreased cardiac output during exercise

Cerebral and tissue acidosis

Increased pulmonary venous pressure (correct)

What is the likely cause of bronchospasm in cardiac asthma?

Edema fluid in the alveoli

Local receptors in the bronchial walls (correct)

Pulmonary congestion

Increased cardiac output

Which of the following terms describes an abnormal increase in respiratory rate above normal?

Hyperventilation

Hyperpnea

Tachypnea (correct)

Dyspnea

What is the term for an increase in minute alveolar ventilation in response to an increase in metabolic stimulus?

Hyperpnea Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a normal finding?

Dyspnea on severe exertion Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of left ventricular failure on pulmonary vessels over time?

Increased pulmonary vessel congestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for dyspnea that occurs when standing upright or sitting?

Positional Dyspnea Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of left ventricular failure?

Cerebral and tissue acidosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for orthopnea in patients with left ventricle insufficiency?

Inability to pump out the additional blood volume in the lungs Signup and view all the answers

In patients with congestive heart failure, what contributes to the pulmonary circulation being already overloaded?

Systemic edema fluid reabsorption from dependent parts of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of assuming an erect position on patients with congestive heart failure?

Gravity helps redistribute the blood, decreasing pulmonary congestion and improving symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What may occur in patients with left ventricle insufficiency when they are in the horizontal position?

Redistribution of blood volume from the lower extremities and splanchnic beds to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism causing paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea in patients with heart failure?

Inability of the failing left ventricle to match the output of the right ventricle during sleep Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased blood volume in the lungs on patients with left ventricle insufficiency?

Significant reduction in vital capacity and pulmonary compliance Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible additional mechanism contributing to paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea in patients who experience it only during sleep?

Theories include unknown mechanisms specific to sleep Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when a patient with left ventricle insufficiency assumes a more erect position?