أسئلة الثانية هستولوجي - ريسب (قبل التعديل)

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Questions and Answers

What type of epithelium is found in the intrapulmonary bronchus?

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Simple squamous epithelium

Simple columnar epithelium with many goblet cells

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with fewer goblet cells (correct)

Which structure is absent in the intrapulmonary bronchus?

Cartilaginous plates

Lymphatic nodules

Elastic membrane (correct)

Submucosa

What characterizes the muscle layer of the trachea?

Well-developed spirally arranged smooth muscle fibers

Circular arrangement of muscle fibers

Complete muscle layer surrounding the mucosa (correct)

No muscle fibers present

How does the lumen of the trachea compare to that of the intrapulmonary bronchus?

The lumen of the trachea is wider Signup and view all the answers

What type of cartilage is primarily found in the trachea?

C-shaped cartilaginous rings Signup and view all the answers

Which feature of the mucosa differentiates the intrapulmonary bronchus from the trachea?

Mucosal folds are present only posteriorly in the trachea Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the smaller bronchioles from larger bronchi according to their epithelial lining?

Smaller bronchioles are lined by simple cuboidal epithelium and lack goblet cells Signup and view all the answers

What component is found in the submucosa of the trachea but not in the intrapulmonary bronchus?

Glands Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium characterizes the respiratory mucosa?

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type in the respiratory epithelium is responsible for secreting mucus?

Goblet cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ciliated cells in the respiratory epithelium?

Beating cilia towards the larynx Signup and view all the answers

Which feature describes the submucosa of the respiratory system?

Houses mixed tracheal glands Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the fibro-cartilaginous coat in the respiratory system?

To provide structural support through cartilage rings Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the adventitia of the respiratory system?

Composed of dense connective tissue and contains blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

Intra-pulmonary bronchi differ from extra-pulmonary bronchi mainly in the amount of which component?

Hyaline cartilage plates Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is associated with nerve endings and may have a sensory role in the respiratory system?

Brush cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of goblet cells in the respiratory epithelium?

Produce mucin Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fibers are predominantly found in the corium of the respiratory system?

Elastic fibers Signup and view all the answers

What role do Kulchitsky cells serve in the respiratory epithelium?

Participate in neuroendocrine functions Signup and view all the answers

Which feature differentiates the adventitia from other layers in the respiratory system?

Rich supply of blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

In which structure are mixed glands found in the respiratory system?

Submucosa of the trachea Signup and view all the answers

What is the main structural difference between extra-pulmonary and intra-pulmonary bronchi?

Presence of cartilage plates Signup and view all the answers

Which component primarily bridges the gaps between the C-shaped cartilage rings in the trachea?

Smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the ciliated cells in the respiratory epithelium?

Facilitate mucus propulsion Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature mainly differentiates the lumen of the trachea from that of the intrapulmonary bronchus?

The overall diameter of the lumen Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the epithelium of the smaller bronchioles is correct?

Characterized by simple cuboidal epithelium with cilia Signup and view all the answers

How does the presence of elastic fibers differ between the trachea and the intrapulmonary bronchus?

Elastic fibers are present in the trachea's mucosa but not in the bronchus Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable characteristic of the mucosal folds in the trachea?

They are located only posteriorly Signup and view all the answers

What type of cartilage composition is found in the intrapulmonary bronchus?

Irregular cartilage plates Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is associated with the adventitia of the intrapulmonary bronchus?

Contains lymphatic nodules Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional significance of the smooth muscle layer in the smaller bronchioles?

To regulate the diameter and airflow resistance Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the submucosa of the trachea from that of the intrapulmonary bronchus?

Presence of mucosal glands Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiratory System (Histology)

Trachea Structure:
- Mucosa: Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells.
  - Ciliated cells: Columnar cells with cilia beating towards the larynx.
  - Goblet cells: Expanded apical parts with mucin granules.
  - Basal cells: Stem cells, columnar with few microvilli
  - Brush cells: Associated with nerve endings, possible sensory role (chemoreceptors).
  - Kulchitsky cells: Secretes serotonin, calcitonin, and acetylcholine.
  - Serous cells: Apical electron-dense granules, secrete serous fluid.
- Lamina propria (Corium): Loose connective tissue rich in elastic fibers and blood vessels.
- Submucosa: Loose connective tissue with tracheal glands (mixed mucus and serous secretions).
- Fibro-cartilaginous coat: 16-20 C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage, arranged one above the other. Maintaining trachea patency and bridged by smooth muscle.
- Adventitia: Dense connective tissue with blood vessels.
Bronchi Structure:
- Extra-pulmonary bronchi: Same structure as the trachea.
- Intra-pulmonary bronchi (Lobar Bronchi):
  - Epithelium: Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with few goblet cells.
  - Corium: Rich in elastic fibers.
  - Muscle layer: Spirally arranged smooth muscle fibers.
  - Adventitia: Hyaline cartilage plates, mucous and serous glands, lymphatic nodules.
Intrapulmonary Bronchus:
- Lumen: Wider and flattened posteriorly.
- Mucosal Folds: Present only posteriorly, highly folded all over the circumference.
- Epithelium: Same but fewer goblet cells, No elastic membrane.
- Elastic membranes: Present in mucosa between corium and submucosa.
- Submucosa: Present, elastic fibers distributed.
- Glands: Present in submucosa.
- Cartilage: Irregular numerous cartilage plates.
- Muscle fibers: Complete muscle layer surrounding the mucosa.
- Lymphatic nodules: present in adventitia.
Bronchioles Structure:
- Diameter: Less than 1 mm.
- Epithelium: Simple columnar ciliated (few goblet cells in larger bronchioles), simple cuboidal (no goblet cells in smaller bronchioles).
- Corium: Rich in elastic fibers.
- Muscle layer: Well-developed, spirally arranged smooth muscle fibers.
- Cartilage/Glands: No cartilage or glands.
Terminal Bronchioles:
- Structure: Cuboidal ciliated cells alternating with Clara cells, brush cells, small granule cells; no goblet cells.
- Clara cells: Columnar cells, dome-shaped apices; have short microvilli and apical secretory granules; protective, detoxifying, and surfactant-like material for the bronchioles, and stem cells (important for renewal of the epithelium).

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Description

Test your knowledge on the histological structures of the respiratory system, focusing specifically on the trachea. This quiz covers the different cell types, connective tissues, and overall architecture of the trachea, providing a detailed exploration of its anatomy. Perfect for students in advanced biology or medical courses.