Respiratory System and Circulatory System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary process of diffusion concerning particles?

  • Particles move from low to high concentration
  • Particles remain stationary
  • Particles randomly move without direction
  • Particles move from high to low concentration (correct)

    • The presence of many alveoli in the lungs decreases the surface area for gas exchange.

    False

    What is the benefit of having alveoli in the lungs?

    To allow gas exchange of O2 and CO2.

    Pneumonia can cause ___ in the lungs, leading to reduced gas exchange and shortness of breath.

    <p>fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to cilia when a person smokes?

    <p>Cilia are destroyed or paralyzed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Air quality warnings during summer months are due to increased ozone pollution.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it better to breathe through the nose rather than the mouth?

    <p>Nasal breathing cleans, filters, warms, and moistens the air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following conditions with their effects:

    <p>Pneumonia = Reduced gas exchange Cilia damage from smoking = Increased mucus accumulation Nasal breathing = Cleans and filters air Air quality warnings = Increased asthma risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure leads directly to the alveolar sac?

    <p>Alveolar duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oxygen (O2) diffusion occurs from blood to the alveoli.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport describes the movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration?

    <p>Passive transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Particles move down their concentration gradient from an area of ________ concentration to an area of ________ concentration.

    <p>high, low</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their corresponding functions:

    <p>Capillaries = Exchange of gases Alveolus = Site of gas diffusion Red Blood Cells = Transport oxygen Bohr's Law = Relationship of pressure and hemoglobin binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to hemoglobin binding as the oxygen partial pressure increases?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alveolar sacs are collections of individual alveoli.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do proteins play in relation to red blood cells and oxygen?

    <p>They bind to or trap oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the conductive zone in the respiratory system?

    <p>Moistening and warming air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inhalation is the process of releasing air into the atmosphere.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gas is a reactant in cellular respiration?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of exchanging gases between the alveoli and the blood is known as __________.

    <p>external respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of the respiratory system with their functions:

    <p>Nasal cavity = Filters and warms the air Bronchioles = Conveys air to alveoli Alveoli = Site of gas exchange Trachea = Transports air to bronchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is produced as a waste product during cellular respiration?

    <p>Carbon Dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The exhalation process involves bringing air into the lungs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of alveoli in the respiratory system?

    <p>Gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The product of the reaction involving glucose and oxygen in cellular respiration is __________.

    <p>carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood vessels and body cells?

    <p>Energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There is only one iron atom in a blood cell.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about red blood cells is true?

    <p>They have a biconcave shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does deoxygenated blood enter the heart?

    <p>Through the vena cava.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are intravenous fluids (IV) primarily used for?

    <p>Injecting medications directly into the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The human heart is a ___ pump.

    <p>double</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Arteries have valves.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Venous blood return relies solely on gravity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one structural difference between arteries and veins.

    <p>Arteries have thicker walls than veins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of the circulatory system with their functions:

    <p>Arteries = Carry blood away from the heart Veins = Return blood to the heart Capillaries = Facilitate exchange of materials Heart = Pump blood through the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only creatures with a closed circulatory system have a four-chambered heart.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of __________ is the constriction of blood vessels, while __________ refers to their dilation.

    <p>vasoconstriction, vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms with their correct descriptions:

    <p>Vasoconstriction = Narrowing of blood vessels Vasodilation = Widening of blood vessels Skeletal muscle pump = Facilitates venous blood return Capillaries = Site of gas and nutrient exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the carotid pulse stronger than the radial pulse?

    <p>It is closer to the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During what situation would intravenous fluids be most commonly administered?

    <p>During a surgical procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological change occurs in venous return during prolonged sitting?

    <p>Blood flow can become sluggish, leading to potential pooling in the veins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fetal circulation is identical to adult circulation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

    <p>To transport nutrients and waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The circulatory system helps in removing hormones from the body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of white blood cells in the circulatory system?

    <p>To help protect the body from infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The circulatory system is responsible for the transport of ____________ from the lungs to all body cells.

    <p>oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which waste product is removed by the circulatory system?

    <p>Carbon Dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The inferior vena cava carries blood from the lower body to the heart.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two parts of the body does the pulmonary artery connect?

    <p>Heart and lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ____________ transports nutrients from the digestive system to all body cells.

    <p>blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium?

    <p>Tricuspid valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Respiratory System Anatomy

    • The respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange, bringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide.
    • Lungs are not the same size. The left lung is smaller to accommodate the heart. Left lung has 2 lobes, and the right lung has 3.
    • Daily air intake is approximately 11,000 liters.
    • Resting respiration rate is between 12-18 breaths per minute.
    • The respiratory system also plays a role in waste removal, sound production (larynx), and smell.
    • Humans can generally survive with one lung.
    • Blood flow to the lungs is approximately 5-6 liters per minute, with a capacity of roughly 500 mL within the lungs.
    • Lung weight is approximately 1 kg (1000g).
    • Lungs can float on water.
    • The total length of airways in the lungs is about 2400 km (1500 miles).

    Cellular Respiration

    • Cellular respiration is the process where carbohydrates in cells are converted into energy (ATP).
    • The formula for the process is: C6H12O6+O2→CO2 + H2O + ATP.
    • External respiration's primary function is moving oxygen from the environment to body tissues, as well as removing carbon dioxide.
    • Internal respiration involves gas exchange between the blood vessels and body cells/tissues.

    Respiratory System Structure

    • The conducting zone consists of structures that carry air, including the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi. It also includes bronchioles which end in terminal bronchioles.
    • The respiratory zone contains structures responsible for gas exchange, such as respiratory bronchioles and alveoli.

    Conductive Zone Functions

    • The conductive zone's role is cleaning, warming, and moistening the air.
    • The nasal passage and oral cavity warm and moisten air, filter dust, and trap bacteria
    • Filters inhaled air using cilia and mucus lining
    • The pharynx transports air and food from the nasal/oral cavity to the larynx, and then esophagus.
    • The epiglottis prevents food from entering the trachea (larynx) during swallowing.
    • The larynx is for air passage only, contains cartilage, and contains vocal cords.

    Respiratory Zone Functions

    • The respiratory zone, containing alveoli, has a large surface area for efficient gas exchange.
    • Alveoli have thin walls for quick diffusion of gases between air and blood.
    • 300 million alveoli spread out, giving a large surface area, akin to a tennis court.

    Gas Exchange

    • The lungs exchange oxygen from air to blood, and carbon dioxide from blood to air.
    • This exchange occurs due to pressure differences between the alveoli and the blood in capillaries.
    • Gas exchange in cells occurs when oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the blood and cells.

    Breathing Mechanisms

    • Inhalation is the process by which air enters the lungs; it is caused by the contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and decreasing the pressure within the lungs.
    • Exhalation is the process by which air leaves the lungs; it's caused by the relaxation of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles, decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and increasing the pressure within the lungs.
    • Babies breathe by the process of the mother using contractions to force the fluid out of the baby lungs.

    Breathing Volumes

    • Total Lung Capacity (TLC) is the maximum amount of air the lungs can hold.
    • Tidal Volume (TV) is the volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal breath.
    • Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) is the extra air that can be inhaled beyond normal breathing.
    • Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) is the extra air that can be exhaled beyond normal breathing.
    • Residual Volume (RV) is the air that remains in the lungs even after maximal exhalation.
    • Vital Capacity (VC) is the maximum amount of air that can be moved in or out of the lungs.

    Respiration & Exercise

    • Exercise increases respiratory rate and tidal volume.
    • Tidal volume and respiratory rate increase during exercise to meet the increased oxygen demands.
    • Total lung capacity cannot be changed by exercising, unlike vital capacity.
    • Height and gender may influence vital capacity.
    • Asthma may also influence vital capacity.

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    Description

    SBI3U Unit Test Prep Version #1 - Respiratory and Circulatory System Mixed Questions

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