Respiratory System Anatomy PDF

ANATOMY OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ↳ Gas Exchange (O2-CO2) Nasal carity Nostril Phanynx Glottis Epiglottis Smooth muscle Larynx...

ANATOMY OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ↳ Gas Exchange (O2-CO2) Nasal carity Nostril Phanynx Glottis Epiglottis Smooth muscle Larynx Trachea Bronchiole left lung Pulmonary arteviole Righting Bronchus Pulmonary venule i Cleft) -38 / Alvedar Alvedi Sal ↓ duct Diaphargm Alvedi Preliminary Research Questions - Use your PEDs and answer the following questions 1. What is the study of lungs called? 2. Pulmonology Are your lungs the same size? 3. No. Left lung is smaller to make Are the left and right lungs symmetrical? room for the heart No Left. = 2 lobes and Right = 3 lobes 4. How many liters of air do you breathe a day? 11 , 000 L 5. When resting, how many times a minute do you breathe? 12-18 breaths per minute 6. Aside from gas exchange, does the respiratory system serve any other biological roles? Removal of was, make sound (langnx) + smell , filter bacteria 7. Do you need both lungs to live? No Most can live with I. lung 8. How much blood do the lungs receive? 9. 5-62 How much per minute Blood. capacity of lungs "500m do the lungs weigh in an adult? 10. 1000g (1kg) Can human lungs float on water? Yes Lung always have IL of remaining air no matter. exhalation volume 11. How long is the total area of the airways running through the lungs? 2400km (1500 mi) ~ 1  Micro Macro Respiration: Cellular vs Physiological Cellular Respiration Physiological Respiration A cellular process in which outside environment to the The movement of oxygen from the ___________ 02 /Carbohydrates _________________ are converted into cells ___________ opposite within tissues, and the removal of carbon dioxide in the ______________ direction External --- Blood vessels cells lungs energy (Arp) ---- glucose ________________ External CO2 CH1206 1. External respiration Lungs within just I cell breathing Also known as ____________ inhalation Involves both bringing air into the lungs (_________________) C6H1206 + 02 - > exhalation and releasing air to the atmosphere (___________________) Exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood lucose oxygen - reactant CO2 + H2O # 2. Internal respiration LungsBody cell Tapillaries carbon water product Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the dioxide energy blood vessels _____________________ body cells/tissues and ______________________ within the entire human body Respiratory System Structure Conductive Zone Respiratory Zone All structures that convey air from outside of All structures involved in gas exchange: body to lungs: Bronchioles (Respiratory Bronchides) Nasal cavity Alveoli phangny Large Tra chea Bronchi Bronchioles (Terminal bronchioles) O O 2  Conductive Zone Overall Function > - clean (Filter) Warm, Moisture , air entering the lungs (filter bacteria , etc) 1. Cleans _____ 37 C before entering alveoli ° 2. Warms the air to _______ (protect "sensitive" alrea) moisture 3. Saturates air with __________ (protects alveoli from drying out) Structure Function I Nasal Passage and Mouth and nose intake air and breathe out waste Oral Cavity Air is ○ warmed by the blood passing through a large ○ numberofcapillariesinthe oh a (trap bacterial ○ filtered by hair cilia , , and mucus - Why do we filter, moisten and warm the air? Protect tissues from damages lung Pharynx · Transports air from nasal and oral Cavily larynx (and esophagus) to · Respiratory Digestive system (food air) + Epiglottis ·A t hat membrane cors when any yousol a When is the epiglottis open (not covering the larynx)? esophagus Talking singing , breathing , "Don't talk when you eat food" - > choking Larynx Passageway for air ONLY 1 · · Consists of several cartilages · Contains the vocal cords Only producing sound - ↳Ve vibrate when air passes through = a respirat 3  tube that carries to bronchi Trachea · Long air · Contains shaped rings of cartilages to provide structural support to keep it open Goblet cells ____________________ secrete mucus that traps dust and microorganisms Cilia ____________ on epithelial tissue (lines inside of trachea) sweep and direct mucus upwards towards the epiglottis. Then it swallowed is ________________ digested and ____________________! Bronchi(pl ).. Tubes that carry air to bronchioles Bronchus (s)) · Site whererespiratory system splits into left/right SIDE · C-shaped cartilages for structure that contains and cilia hig mucus Main Primary (1°): the left and right ____________ bronchi Middle of your lungs, also called lobar Secondary (2°): ___________ bronchi -before Tertiary (3°): edge of your lungs, just ____________ the bronchioles Smaller tubes that branch from bronchi u Bronchioles - End of conductive Terminal bronchioles: zone Last and conducting airway it gives rise 2 to or more respiratory bronchioles CRespiratory zone) Respiratory bronchioles: Delivers to alredi gas 4  Respiratory Zone Overall Function Gas exchange! of ○ (02) alveoli give _________________ to capillaries oxygen was respiration > - ○ carbon dioxide (CO2) Capillaries give ___________________________ to alveoli Alveoli · "300 million alveoli in EACH lung Purpose provide a large surface area object JSA smaller ↳ : : V ↳ stretched out tennis court ratio larger SA V natio = = : increased site of thick gas exchange. I cell diffusion = · diffusion · Wrapped with capillaries = quick Alveolar duct: leads to the sac Alveolus: one Alveolar sacs: bundle of alveoli Alvedi A - ______________________ Capillaries B -_______________________ Alvedi Red Blood cells C - ______________________ O2 Diffusion from D - ______________________ alredi to blood - proteina on vessel trap Or Blood Or binds to hemoglobin E - ______________________ - Bohr's Law : As Poz (pressure)↑, Passive transport HIGH to low Diffusion and Concentration Gradients hemoglobin binding Or also Particles move down their concentration gradient (an - - HIGH concentration to an area of area of _________ __________ Low concentration. Greater the difference in concentration the faster the - - - diffusion (and the higher the concentration gradient) > Opposite ACTIVE Transport Low to HIGH - : (needs ATP) 5  Red = oxygen Blue = carbon dioxide Gas Exchange Explain how oxygen and carbon dioxide move in/out of the alveoli. Draw red arrows on the diagram to represent the flow of oxygen and blue arrows to represent the flow of carbon dioxide. Oxygen 1 Oxygen moves into alvedi &Concor.. 2 High concentration of O2 in alrea; 3 Low concentration of 02 in capillaries. 4 Oc diffuses into capillaries (RBC). the blood to the left O2 ntideothe. 5 moves in side of the heart ishoncor > he a Carbon dioxide from right side of Eigh 1. CO2 moves the heart into capillaries. 2 High of CO2 in capillaries conc. From 3 Low come. of CO2 in alvedi side heartof. 4 CO2 diffuses into alved i. up respiratory tract. CO2 5 moves > exhaled - Practice Questions: 1. What is diffusion? Particles more from HIGH to low concentration 2. Why do we have so many alveoli in our lungs? To maximize surface area = quider diffusion of gas 3. What is the benefit of having alveoli? Allow gas exchange 02 CO2 4. How would pneumonia (fluid in the lungs) affect gas exchange? Filled alredi with fluid and pus ↳ Alveoli inflamed Less O2 into blood vessels = = shortness of breath Creduced 5. What happens to the cilia when you smoke? SA less diffusion) Destroyed/paralyzed 3 "Smoker's cough - mucus that trap dust/ bacteria cannot be removed 6. Why are there air quality warnings provided by the government during summer months? Ozone pollution under heat waves risk of asthma sinflammation of airways/increased 7. (narrowed Why should individuals try to breathe through their noses rather than their mouths? airways) Nasal carily cleans/filters warms , and moistures air a Protects alredit lungs 6 Mechanisms of Breathing Preliminary Research Questions: Use your devices and answer these questions 1. After you exhale, is all of the air out of your lungs? No. RV (residual volume) remains in your lung. 2. Have you ever had the “wind knocked out you”? Explain what happens. An abrupt shook caused spasm paralyze or the diaphangm to momentarily 3. What is vital capacity and is it different for athletes vs. non-athletes? Males and females? Vital capacity (VC) is the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled/exhaled (in or out).V Females > Umales VCathletes > VCnon-athletes 4. How do babies breathe inside the womb? (thoracic carily size) the mother's through placenta. O2 and CO2 moves through blood of placenta and delivers to baby's heart+ body 5. What is a hiccup? involuntary inhalation A quick , that follows a spasm of diaphargm+ closure of glottis (sharp 6. Which part of the brain regulates breathing? sound) Medulla breathing Oblongata various IV functions heart : rate blood pressure 7. If someone was stabbed through the chest and punctured a lung, how would this affect respiration? (Be sure to discuss pressure in the lungs). What is the first aid treatment to stabilize the individual? cannot Can cause lung to collapse (no gas exchange) s breathe 3 Hole = pressure no present cannot = inhate/exhale 3 First-aid. cor the round with sterile, occlusive (secured with tape on 3 sides) dressing Marshmallow POE Crow) decreased Predict: When the volume of the syringe is _____________, then the size of the marshmallow will decrease ______________. Observe: What happened to the marshmallow? Volumet and Pressure ↑ Marshmallow shrinked inflated when when syringe U and Pd Explain: Boyle's Gas Law Volume decreases Pressure , increases Volume increases, decreases pressure 7 The Diaphragm muscle A _______________ located under the lungs - Involved in breathing! Smaller larger im When it contracts and relaxes it changes the _______________ inside the thoracic cavity - A (area above the diaphragm that contains the lungs and heart) pressure Thus, changing the _______________ inside the lungs! in/out of rib INHALATION (Inspiration) ↑ What’s Happening? muscle cage 1. Eternal intercostal contract and internal intercostal estal - Extemal moving rib muscle relaxs - cage Pand OUT N Rib cage. 2 Diaphangmacetracts and ↳ internal moves down Volume > - increases intercostal - decreases in the. Pressure 3 Diaphargm so air rushes into lungs lungs 4 Alveoi-inflate. Expiration EXHALATION What’s Happening? 1. External intercostal muscle Helax + internal intercostal muscle at-rib cage. Down & IN c. Diaphangm relaxes(larger) ↳ decreases Volume. PressureIncreases in the 3 lungs = air moves out (exhale) 4 Alveoli. deflate 8 Build A Lung Activity /Glottis Trachea - Bronchus Right Lung-- Cor letalreai) (ThoracicChesta > - , / Diaphangm Analysis Questions: 1. Label each part of the diagram with the actual material and what is represented in the human body. 2. What can you do with your model to make the “lung” inflate as it would naturally? pull down the plastic bag Contracts VP and PV inhale - alredi ↳ Diaphargm inflate 3. What can you do to your model to demonstrate artificial respiration? Blow into the show "trachea" ↳ Models real-life CPR 4. What is the smallest structural unit of the lung (not included in your model)? Alveoli/Alveolus 5. Will the lung inflate if there is a hole in the chest wall (plastic bottle)? Explain why. No. Chest puncture = no pressure = no breathing 9 Breathing Volumes Activity: Based on the definitions below, label the diagram! IRV - vc = +V + IRV + ERV TV TLC ERV - = VC + RV RV Label on Term and Definition Figure 1 Total Lung Capacity (TLC): The maximum volume of air that the lungs can hold at H any given time. (6,000 mL) Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV): When breathing deeply, this is the additional B volume of air that the- lung forcibly inhaled after normal tidal volume. (3,100 mL) Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV): The volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled C from the lungs after normal tidal volume. (1,200 mL) Residual Volume (RV): The volume of air that the lungs retain after maximal E expiration. (1,200 mL) Vital Capacity (VC): The maximum amount of air that is moved in and out of the F respiratory system (4,800 mL) Tidal Volume (TV): The volume of air that passes in and out of the lungs during A normal relaxed breathing. (500 mL) Determining your Vital Capacity Activity 1. Using the handheld spirometer, place the cardboard mouthpiece on the breathe end 2. Set the spirometer to ZERO by twisting the face gauge until the arrow points to zero 3. Take a complete breath in and blow through the mouthpiece as forcefully as you can until no more air is left in your lungs. 4. Jot this number down and repeat step 2 and 3 two more times 5. Take the average of all your measurements and record below. 10 Practice Questions: 1. How much do we typically breathe in and out during a normal breath? 500mL 2. What is a normal breath called based upon the breathing volume diagram above? Tidal volume (TV) 3. When exercising, what happens to our breathing? and Tidal volume increase Breathing nate 4. How much air do we breathe in during exercise? 5. 2-41(2000m2-4000mL) Why don't our lungs collapse when we exhale? nearly the UC + Always have Residual volume (RV) of roomL in lungs 6. How can we test our vital capacity? test spiromely 7. Does vital capacity differ between individuals? Yes Based. on ages gender , physical activity or thoracic earily etc. , 8. Can you increase your total lung capacity by exercising? No He cannot be. changed , it is determined naturally me as Cheight weight + , chest size) grow 9. Can you increase your vital capacity by exercising? Yes. Ve can be increased as oxygen demand increase. efficient breathing muscles strengthen breathing - more 10. On average does height have an influence on VC? Y or N 11. Does asthma have an influence on VC? Y or N O namoved 3 airway (mucus) 12. On average does biological sex have an influence on VC? C Y or N FM Respiration and Exercise 11  Inquiry Practice: 1. Describe the observation in the two graphs: Respiratory rate (/min) & As exercise intensity INCREASE INCREASE Tidal volume (TV) INCREASE 2. Explain (using science) the two graphs: More needed to be delivered to heart and muscle oxygen respiration) · cells (muscles burn more ATP energy and needs more cell Breathing rate ↑ to get oxygen quickly ↳ GTV * to maximize in each breath oxygen How do babies start breathing air (video)? lungs (in womb the · Babies have fluid in the more pressure = on blood vessels in their lungs Do T use > - lungs to breathe · As the mother goes through contraction (pelvis movement) , fluids were pushed out of the lungs - opened blood vessels Cexposed to external oxygen) · Blood vessel system opens up and transitioned to completely lung Alternative Strategies of Respiration breathing Gills Diffusion Combination Countercurrent flow Breathe Skin diffusion through 3 · Diffusion ↳ Flow of water and flow of blood in skin diffusion (damp environment) gills are in of 02 opposite direction ↳ Lungs quickerb/a Increases ↳ amount of (more O2) water+ obtain blood O2 that fish is able to. a live on land + water Significance : ↳ Most efficient way of breathing O2 in water ↳Fish don't need as much 02 12 Respiration Review Questions: 1. Briefly explain why the right lung is larger than the left lung left to make room for the heart lung is smaller left 2 lobes = Right 3 lobes = 2. The movement of molecules (gases) from a higher concentration to a lower concentration is Diffusion called _________. inhalation 3. The process of getting oxygen into the body through breathing is called _________. Right 4. The _________ venbide atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the _________, right left and the _________ the body. atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs _________ and pumps it to the rest of conc pressure 5. True or False: The higher the oxygen concentration (or the partial pressure of oxygen), the - lower the binding ability of oxygen to hemoglobin False. Higher 6. What is meant by countercurrent respiration? Flow of water flow of blood in fish gills are opposite + to allow quicker diffusion of O2 into the gills 7. Why should you always make sure your hands are clean if you touch a frog? skins Frog breathe using skin diffusion are > - fragile to dirt, oil pollutants , 8. Matching: Match the following structures with their correct descriptions. a. Alveolus b. Bronchiole c. Bronchus d. Epiglottis e. Glottis f. Pharynx g. Pleural membrane h. Trachea i. Nasal passage i ____ 1. one of two branches that carries air into the lungs ____ 2. thin membrane covering the outer surface of the lung ____ 3. air sacs surrounded by capillaries # ____ 4. strengthened by rings of cartilage ____ 5.cavity lined with cilia to sweep out debris P ____ 6. a flaplike structure that closes when food is swallowed ____ 7. a passageway associated with both the digestive and respiratory systems ____ 8. the opening to the trachea ____ 9.many branches ending in clusters of alveoli 13