30 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?
Participating in the sense of taste
Which ribs are attached to the rib above by their costal cartilages?
Vertebrochondral ribs
At which level does the 'Angle of Louis' or Sternal Angle occur?
T4 / 5
What type of movement of the rib and sternum occurs at the upper ribs during inspiration?
Pump handle movement
Which ribs are considered vertebral ribs?
Floating ribs
What is the main function of the respiratory system in vocalization?
Air moving across vocal cords for speech, singing, and communication
Which part of the thoracic cage articulates with ribs 3 to 7?
Sternal body
Which of the following is NOT a function of the thoracic cage?
Participating in the sense of touch
What is the main function of the thoracic cage in thoracic movement during inspiration?
Elevation of rib cage
Which ribs are known as 'vertebrosternal ribs'?
Ribs 1-7
What type of epithelium lines the conducting airways in the respiratory system?
Pseudostratified, columnar, ciliated epithelium
What is the function of goblet cells in the respiratory system?
Mucus secretion
Which defense mechanism involves the sweeping and propelling of pathogens and particles to the trachea for removal?
Mucociliary transport
What is the function of the areolar layer (Lamina Propria) in the respiratory system?
Lines the conducting portion of the respiratory system
Which type of epithelium is present in the terminal and respiratory bronchioles?
Single-layered, cuboidal, non-ciliated epithelium
What is the primary function of the alveolar epithelium?
Efficient gas exchange
Which component of mucus contains immunoglobulins (IgA) that can disable many pathogens?
Mucous
What is the function of cilia in the conducting airways?
Sweep and propel pathogens and particles to the trachea
Which layer is responsible for the self-clearing mechanism between bronchi to larynx?
Mucus layer
What does the mucus layer in the trachea primarily trap?
Pathogens & other particles
Which muscle is not included in the muscles of ventilation?
Pectoralis major
What is the main function of the double-walled pleural sac?
To maintain negative pressure for lung inflation
Which anatomical landmark is unique to the lungs?
Hilum
Where does the lower respiratory tract start from?
The lower margins of the cricoid cartilage
What is the main function of the transitional zone in the respiratory system?
To conduct air to the respiratory zone
What is the composition of the respiratory epithelium?
Bronchial and alveolar epithelium
What is the role of the interstitium in the respiratory system?
To provide structural support to the lungs
What happens to the airway diameter as the tracheobronchial tree branches?
It progressively decreases
What is the main characteristic of the right and left mainstem bronchi?
Aspiration is more common in the right lung
What is the main characteristic of the functional tissue for gas exchange in the lungs?
Parenchyma
Study Notes
Respiratory System Anatomy and Mechanics
- Muscles of ventilation include the diaphragm, external and internal intercostals, and other accessory muscles such as SCM, scalenes, and abdominal muscles
- Lungs are light, spongy, and mostly air-filled, with the right lung slightly larger than the left
- Lungs have anatomical landmarks including apex, base, borders, and surfaces, and are suspended by the roots at the hilum
- Each lung is covered by a double-walled pleural sac containing pleural fluid, maintaining negative pressure for lung inflation and confining infection
- The respiratory system is divided into upper (above larynx) and lower (below larynx) respiratory tracts
- Upper respiratory tract includes nasal cavities, pharynx, and larynx, which houses the vocal folds and the glottis
- Lower respiratory tract starts from the lower margins of the cricoid cartilage and includes the tracheobronchial tree and alveoli
- The tracheobronchial tree's airway diameter progressively decreases with branching, leading to the presence of smooth muscle and elastic fibers, and disappearance of cartilage at terminal bronchioles
- The right and left mainstem bronchi have different characteristics, with aspiration being more common in the right lung
- The functional divisions of the respiratory system include conducting zone, transitional zone, and respiratory zone
- Terminology includes parenchyma (functional tissue for gas exchange), interstitium (support tissues within the lung), and respiratory mucosa
- Respiratory epithelium lines the respiratory tract and is composed of bronchial and alveolar epithelium, moistening and protecting the airways
Test your knowledge of the respiratory system's anatomy and mechanics with this quiz. Explore topics such as muscles of ventilation, lung structure, respiratory tracts, functional divisions, and terminology related to the respiratory system.
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