Respiratory System Anatomy and Mechanics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

Regulation of body pH by selectively retaining or excreting CO2

Gaseous exchange between atmosphere and blood

Protection from inhaled pathogens and irritating substances

Participating in the sense of taste (correct)

Which ribs are attached to the rib above by their costal cartilages?

False ribs

Vertebrochondral ribs (correct)

Floating ribs

True ribs

At which level does the 'Angle of Louis' or Sternal Angle occur?

T10 / 11

T4 / 5 (correct)

T1 / 2

T7 / 8

What type of movement of the rib and sternum occurs at the upper ribs during inspiration?

Pump handle movement Signup and view all the answers

Which ribs are considered vertebral ribs?

Floating ribs Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the respiratory system in vocalization?

Air moving across vocal cords for speech, singing, and communication Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the thoracic cage articulates with ribs 3 to 7?

Sternal body Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the thoracic cage?

Participating in the sense of touch Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the thoracic cage in thoracic movement during inspiration?

Elevation of rib cage Signup and view all the answers

Which ribs are known as 'vertebrosternal ribs'?

Ribs 1-7 Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium lines the conducting airways in the respiratory system?

Pseudostratified, columnar, ciliated epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of goblet cells in the respiratory system?

Mucus secretion Signup and view all the answers

Which defense mechanism involves the sweeping and propelling of pathogens and particles to the trachea for removal?

Mucociliary transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the areolar layer (Lamina Propria) in the respiratory system?

Lines the conducting portion of the respiratory system Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium is present in the terminal and respiratory bronchioles?

Single-layered, cuboidal, non-ciliated epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the alveolar epithelium?

Efficient gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

Which component of mucus contains immunoglobulins (IgA) that can disable many pathogens?

Mucous Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cilia in the conducting airways?

Sweep and propel pathogens and particles to the trachea Signup and view all the answers

Which layer is responsible for the self-clearing mechanism between bronchi to larynx?

Mucus layer Signup and view all the answers

What does the mucus layer in the trachea primarily trap?

Pathogens & other particles Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is not included in the muscles of ventilation?

Pectoralis major Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the double-walled pleural sac?

To maintain negative pressure for lung inflation Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical landmark is unique to the lungs?

Hilum Signup and view all the answers

Where does the lower respiratory tract start from?

The lower margins of the cricoid cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the transitional zone in the respiratory system?

To conduct air to the respiratory zone Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the respiratory epithelium?

Bronchial and alveolar epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the interstitium in the respiratory system?

To provide structural support to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the airway diameter as the tracheobronchial tree branches?

It progressively decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the right and left mainstem bronchi?

Aspiration is more common in the right lung Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the functional tissue for gas exchange in the lungs?

Parenchyma Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiratory System Anatomy and Mechanics

Muscles of ventilation include the diaphragm, external and internal intercostals, and other accessory muscles such as SCM, scalenes, and abdominal muscles
Lungs are light, spongy, and mostly air-filled, with the right lung slightly larger than the left
Lungs have anatomical landmarks including apex, base, borders, and surfaces, and are suspended by the roots at the hilum
Each lung is covered by a double-walled pleural sac containing pleural fluid, maintaining negative pressure for lung inflation and confining infection
The respiratory system is divided into upper (above larynx) and lower (below larynx) respiratory tracts
Upper respiratory tract includes nasal cavities, pharynx, and larynx, which houses the vocal folds and the glottis
Lower respiratory tract starts from the lower margins of the cricoid cartilage and includes the tracheobronchial tree and alveoli
The tracheobronchial tree's airway diameter progressively decreases with branching, leading to the presence of smooth muscle and elastic fibers, and disappearance of cartilage at terminal bronchioles
The right and left mainstem bronchi have different characteristics, with aspiration being more common in the right lung
The functional divisions of the respiratory system include conducting zone, transitional zone, and respiratory zone
Terminology includes parenchyma (functional tissue for gas exchange), interstitium (support tissues within the lung), and respiratory mucosa
Respiratory epithelium lines the respiratory tract and is composed of bronchial and alveolar epithelium, moistening and protecting the airways

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Description

Test your knowledge of the respiratory system's anatomy and mechanics with this quiz. Explore topics such as muscles of ventilation, lung structure, respiratory tracts, functional divisions, and terminology related to the respiratory system.