Pharma Quiz 2
50 Questions
11 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which class of bronchodilators mimics the sympathetic nervous system?

  • Anticholinergics
  • Stimulators (correct)
  • Corticosteroids
  • Xanthine derivatives

    • Which of the following is a nonselective bronchodilator?

  • Salmeterol
  • Epinephrine (correct)
  • Ipratropium
  • Theophylline

    • What is the primary action of anticholinergics in respiratory treatment?

  • Blocking acetylcholine (correct)
  • Stimulating adrenergic receptors
  • Enhancing phosphodiesterase activity
  • Increasing mucus production

    • What is the primary adverse effect associated with leukotriene receptor antagonists?

    <p>Liver dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which xanthine derivative is known for a narrow therapeutic index?

    <p>Aminophylline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should corticosteroids not be used alone to treat acute asthma exacerbations?

    <p>They require bronchodilators for efficacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance can enhance the effects of xanthine derivatives?

    <p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is intravenous administration of corticosteroids indicated?

    <p>During acute exacerbation or severe asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combination is appropriate as an adjuvant therapy for asthma treatment?

    <p>Salbutamol and corticosteroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do corticosteroids have in relation to harmful substances like histamine during asthma treatment?

    <p>They inhibit their release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary therapeutic action of Phosphodiesterase Type 4 Inhibitor in COPD?

    <p>Inhibiting an enzyme to reduce inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about Omalizumab (Xolair) is true?

    <p>It can lead to anaphylaxis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended patient education point for using inhalers with an Aerochamber/spacer?

    <p>Hold your breath for 10 seconds after inhalation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are Phosphodiesterase Type 4 Inhibitors not suitable for acute treatment of COPD?

    <p>Their onset of action is too slow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT true about monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of asthma?

    <p>They directly open the airways for immediate relief.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key adverse effect associated with antihistamines?

    <p>Anticholinergic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of nasal decongestants does not cause rebound congestion?

    <p>Corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature distinguishes 1st generation antihistamines like Diphenhydramine from 2nd generation antihistamines?

    <p>They work peripherally and centrally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should antihistamines be avoided during pregnancy?

    <p>They have anticolinergic effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided when taking nasal decongestants?

    <p>Caffeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of antitussives?

    <p>To stop the cough reflex if it is nonproductive or harmful</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for using antitussives?

    <p>Opioid dependency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ingredient is commonly found in opioid antitussives?

    <p>Codeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do expectorants have on secretions?

    <p>Decrease the viscosity of secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended for patients taking expectorants?

    <p>Taking fluids to loosen and liquefy secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of treating the common cold?

    <p>Providing symptom relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended age limit for administering over-the-counter cough and cold medications to children?

    <p>Under 6 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In managing asthma, which medication should be administered first if both are indicated?

    <p>Short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step in the asthma management continuum focuses on patient education and developing an action plan?

    <p>Environmental control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence for administering bronchodilators and steroids in asthma management?

    <p>Bronchodilator first, then steroid after 5 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of alpha 1 receptor blockers on blood pressure?

    <p>Decreases blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common adverse effect associated with beta receptor blockers?

    <p>Orthostatic hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do ACE inhibitors primarily affect blood vessels?

    <p>They promote vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect is commonly associated with ACE inhibitors due to their mechanism of action?

    <p>Dry, non-productive cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is an example of a combination alpha 1 and beta receptor blocker?

    <p>Abetalol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)?

    <p>Upper respiratory infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antihypertensive medications is known for blocking calcium to prevent vasoconstriction?

    <p>Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary actions of diuretics in managing hypertension?

    <p>Decrease plasma and extracellular fluid volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diuretic is associated with hypokalemia?

    <p>Loop diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition would contraindicate the use of certain diuretics?

    <p>Sulfa allergy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary action of vasodilators on blood vessels?

    <p>Decrease blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category does Sodium Nitroprusside belong to?

    <p>Mix vasodilator acting on both venous and arterial systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a common side effect associated with vasodilators?

    <p>Downer symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of vasodilators on systemic vascular resistance (SVR)?

    <p>They decrease SVR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation is Sodium Nitroprusside most commonly used?

    <p>Acute situations requiring rapid blood pressure control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of treating angina?

    <p>Decrease frequency, duration, and intensity of pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of angina is characterized by unpredictable pain that can occur at rest?

    <p>Vasospastic angina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do beta blockers affect oxygen demand in the heart after a myocardial infarction (MI)?

    <p>Block beta receptors thereby reducing oxygen demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk associated with the continuous use of Sildenafil in patients with angina?

    <p>Severe risk for hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers in the treatment of angina?

    <p>Vasodilate and relax blood vessels by blocking calcium channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bronchodilators

    • Stimulators mimic the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
    • Types include:
      • SABA: Salbutamol (Ventolin) - fast-acting relief
      • LABA: Salmeterol (Serevent) - long-acting maintenance
    • Administered with other medications, often steroids
    • Management focuses on steroid use
    • Sub-types:
      • Selective B2 agonists
      • Nonselective agents, e.g., Epinephrine
    • Corticosteroids play a crucial role in reducing inflammation.

    Anticholinergics

    • Block acetylcholine (Ach), a bronchoconstrictor
    • Key medications:
      • Ipratropium (Atrovent) - short-acting
      • Tiotropium (Spiriva) - long-acting
    • Used in chronic respiratory conditions with careful dosing strategies.

    Xanthine Derivatives

    • Have a narrow therapeutic index
    • Act by blocking phosphodiesterase, increasing cAMP levels
    • Theophylline derived from tea; Aminophylline is a synthetic IV option for severe asthma attacks
    • Factors such as smoking and oral contraceptives may enhance effects.

    Non-Bronchodilators

    • Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs): Block leukotrienes that promote inflammation, with a slow onset and potential liver dysfunction.
    • Montelukast is commonly used to prevent nocturnal bronchoconstriction.

    Corticosteroids (Glucocorticoids)

    • Address acute exacerbations and inflammation
    • Necessary in combination with LABAs for enhanced effects.
    • Examples include Budesonide (Pulmicort Turbhaler) and Fluticasone propionate (Flovent Diskus).

    Medications for COPD and Asthma

    • Phosphodiesterase Type 4 Inhibitor: Roflumilast (Daxas) treats inflammation in COPD, not for acute use.
    • Monoclonal Antibodies: Omalizumab (Xolair) binds to IgE, heavily reducing allergic responses but carries an anaphylaxis risk.

    Cough and Cold Drugs

    Antihistamines

    • Block histamine, used for allergies, hay fever, and the common cold.
    • Adverse effects include sedation and anticholinergic effects; use caution in at-risk populations.
    • 1st generation: Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) - effective but sedating.
    • 2nd generation: Longer-lasting, non-sedating but less effective.

    Nasal Decongestants

    • Relieve nasal congestion through vasoconstriction.
    • Types include:
      • Anticholinergics: Ipratropium
      • Adrenergics: Pseudoephedrine; may cause rebound congestion.
      • Corticosteroids: Budesonide (Rhinocort) to reduce inflammation.

    Antitussives

    • Suppress nonproductive cough reflex.
    • Categories:
      • Opioid: e.g., codeine provides drying effects.
      • Non-opioid: e.g., dextromethorphan is common.

    Expectorants

    • Decrease viscosity of secretions, making coughs productive.
    • Example: Guaifenesin; needs adequate fluid intake for efficacy.

    Common Cold

    • Viral infection mainly affecting the upper respiratory tract.
    • Symptoms include nasal irritation and sneezing; treatment focuses on symptom relief.
    • Health Canada advises against OTC cough/cold medications in children under 6.

    Asthma Management Continuum

    • Confirm diagnosis and address environmental factors.
    • Use short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABA) or budesonide/formoterol as needed.
    • Introduce steroids or leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) if necessary.
    • In severe cases, add long-acting beta-2 agonists (LABA).

    Antihypertensive Pharmacology

    Adrenergics

    • Alpha 1 blockers (e.g., L-zosin): Lower blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels.
    • Beta blockers (e.g., P-LOL): Reduce heart rate by inhibiting renin secretion.
    • Combination blockers act on both alpha and beta receptors.

    ACE Inhibitors

    • PRIL drugs: Lower blood pressure by inhibiting RAAS and promoting vasodilation.
    • Beneficial for renal protection, especially in diabetic patients, with potential adverse effects like cough.

    Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

    • SARTAN drugs: Block angiotensin II receptors, avoiding cough side effects of ACE inhibitors.

    Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs)

    • Effective for hypertension and angina by preventing calcium entry, hence inducing vasodilation.

    Diuretics

    • First-line antihypertensives that decrease blood volume and systemic vascular resistance.
    • Categories include thiazides (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide), loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide), and potassium-sparing diuretics (e.g., spironolactone).

    Vasodilators

    • Directly lower blood pressure by relaxing arterial and venous smooth muscles.
    • Groups include Hydra Lazines and Sodium Nitroprusside for acute situations.

    Angina Management

    • Goal: Manage pain frequency, duration, and intensity.
    • Types include chronic (predictable), unstable (acute), and vasospastic (occurs at rest).
    • Pharmacological options:
      • Nitrates/Nitrites: Potent vasodilators such as Nitroglycerin.
      • Beta Blockers: Decrease heart rate and oxygen demand.
      • Calcium Channel Blockers: Promote blood vessel relaxation.

    Sildenafil (Viagra)

    • Used for erectile dysfunction; caution due to risk of hypotension when combined with nitrates.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Week 3-4

    More Like This

    Pharmacological Management of Bronchial Asthma
    10 questions

    Pharmacological Management of Bronchial Asthma

    FascinatingSard avatar
    FascinatingSard
    Pharmacology of Respiratory Medications
    40 questions

    Pharmacology of Respiratory Medications

    CorrectPanPipes avatar
    CorrectPanPipes
    Respiratory Medications and Treatments Quiz
    16 questions

    Respiratory Medications and Treatments Quiz

    ProsperousSerendipity6781 avatar
    ProsperousSerendipity6781
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser