Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the therapeutic level for the specified medication?
What is the therapeutic level for the specified medication?
- 20-30 mcg/mL
- 10-20 mcg/mL (correct)
- 15-25 mcg/mL
- 5-15 mcg/mL
Which condition is NOT a common side effect of rapid intravenous administration?
Which condition is NOT a common side effect of rapid intravenous administration?
- Drowsiness (correct)
- Hypotension
- Flushing
- Dizziness
Smoking affects the metabolism of the medication by:
Smoking affects the metabolism of the medication by:
- Increasing absorption
- Decreasing half-life (correct)
- Decreasing metabolism
- Increasing plasma concentration
What side effect affects the cardiovascular system according to the content?
What side effect affects the cardiovascular system according to the content?
Which of the following is a gastrointestinal side effect?
Which of the following is a gastrointestinal side effect?
What should be avoided to prevent increased side effects from the medication?
What should be avoided to prevent increased side effects from the medication?
What is the primary mechanism of action of Ipratropium?
What is the primary mechanism of action of Ipratropium?
Which of the following is a contraindication for using Theophylline?
Which of the following is a contraindication for using Theophylline?
Hyperglycemia is a side effect that affects which bodily function?
Hyperglycemia is a side effect that affects which bodily function?
What condition is treated with the use of Ipratropium in combination with Albuterol?
What condition is treated with the use of Ipratropium in combination with Albuterol?
What effect does this medication have on clotting time?
What effect does this medication have on clotting time?
What adverse effect is less common with Ipratropium compared to other bronchodilators?
What adverse effect is less common with Ipratropium compared to other bronchodilators?
Which of the following describes the primary use of Xanthines in respiratory therapy?
Which of the following describes the primary use of Xanthines in respiratory therapy?
Which of the following side effects is associated with Xanthines?
Which of the following side effects is associated with Xanthines?
Inhalation of Ipratropium results in what type of action?
Inhalation of Ipratropium results in what type of action?
What is the effect of Ipratropium on the respiratory system?
What is the effect of Ipratropium on the respiratory system?
What is the primary action of leukotriene receptor antagonists?
What is the primary action of leukotriene receptor antagonists?
Which of the following is a common adverse effect associated with leukotriene receptor antagonists?
Which of the following is a common adverse effect associated with leukotriene receptor antagonists?
Leukotriene receptor antagonists are most indicated for which condition?
Leukotriene receptor antagonists are most indicated for which condition?
Which statement about montelukast is true?
Which statement about montelukast is true?
What is one of the potential psychiatric side effects of using leukotriene receptor antagonists?
What is one of the potential psychiatric side effects of using leukotriene receptor antagonists?
When should leukotriene receptor antagonists be administered to maximize their effectiveness?
When should leukotriene receptor antagonists be administered to maximize their effectiveness?
Which of the following is NOT indicated for the use of leukotriene receptor antagonists?
Which of the following is NOT indicated for the use of leukotriene receptor antagonists?
What effect do beta-blockers have when given with beta adrenergic agonists?
What effect do beta-blockers have when given with beta adrenergic agonists?
What is the primary action of sympathomimetics in treating asthma?
What is the primary action of sympathomimetics in treating asthma?
Which of the following adverse effects is associated with the use of Albuterol?
Which of the following adverse effects is associated with the use of Albuterol?
In what situation is Salmeterol indicated for use?
In what situation is Salmeterol indicated for use?
What precaution is necessary when using Salmeterol?
What precaution is necessary when using Salmeterol?
What does the stimulation of beta2 adrenergic receptors lead to in the lungs?
What does the stimulation of beta2 adrenergic receptors lead to in the lungs?
What should be monitored when using Salmeterol due to its potential effect?
What should be monitored when using Salmeterol due to its potential effect?
Which condition is not treated with sympathomimetics like Albuterol?
Which condition is not treated with sympathomimetics like Albuterol?
Albuterol is often delivered via which method?
Albuterol is often delivered via which method?
What is the primary purpose of inhaled corticosteroids like Budesonide in asthma treatment?
What is the primary purpose of inhaled corticosteroids like Budesonide in asthma treatment?
Which side effects are commonly associated with the use of inhaled corticosteroids?
Which side effects are commonly associated with the use of inhaled corticosteroids?
What is a necessary precaution when using inhaled corticosteroids to prevent fungal infections?
What is a necessary precaution when using inhaled corticosteroids to prevent fungal infections?
How long does it typically take for inhaled corticosteroids like Budesonide to reach effective levels?
How long does it typically take for inhaled corticosteroids like Budesonide to reach effective levels?
In which situation is inhaled corticosteroid therapy not recommended?
In which situation is inhaled corticosteroid therapy not recommended?
What is the role of spacers in the administration of inhaled corticosteroids?
What is the role of spacers in the administration of inhaled corticosteroids?
What is a potential consequence of using inhaled corticosteroids without proper mouth rinsing?
What is a potential consequence of using inhaled corticosteroids without proper mouth rinsing?
Asthma that is unresponsive to bronchodilator therapy may require which type of treatment?
Asthma that is unresponsive to bronchodilator therapy may require which type of treatment?
Study Notes
Sympathomimetics/Alpha and Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists
- Stimulate beta2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs, resulting in relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle
- Used to treat and prevent bronchospasm in patients with asthma
- Examples include Albuterol and Salmeterol
- Albuterol is a short-acting bronchodilator given via inhaler or nebulizer
- Salmeterol is a long-acting bronchodilator with a duration of action of at least 12 hours, given via inhaler
- Caution for patients with cardiac dysrhythmias, heart failure, and diabetes
Anticholinergics
- Block muscarinic cholinergic receptors, antagonizing acetylcholine
- Relax smooth muscle of the bronchi, leading to bronchodilation
- Used for relief of bronchospasm from COPD, allergic asthma
- Example Ipratropium
- Commonly used in combination with albuterol for enhanced effectiveness and longer duration of action
- Contraindications include allergy to soy or peanuts
- Caution for patients with BPH, glaucoma
Xanthines
- Inhibit phosphodiesterase, leading to increased cAMP and relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle
- Used as maintenance therapy in chronic stable asthma and COPD
- Example Aminophylline/Theophylline
- Therapeutic level: 10-20 mcg/mL
- Smoking increases metabolism, leading to decreased half-life, which requires increased dosage
- Contraindicated in patients with seizure disorders, cardiac, renal, or liver disease
- Avoid caffeinated products, as it increases risk of toxicity
- Given by oral or intravenous (IV) administration
- Rapid IV administration can cause dizziness, flushing, hypotension, severe bradycardia, and palpitations
- Risk of digoxin toxicity when given with digoxin
- Beta-blockers increase the effects of xanthines
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists and Synthesis Inhibitors
- Bind to leukotriene receptors to inhibit bronchoconstriction and inflammation
- Used for prophylaxis of asthma and allergic rhinitis
- Examples include Montelukast
- Administered orally
- Safe for children 2 years and older
- May cause CNS effects such as headache, dizziness, insomnia, and anxiety
- GI effects can include nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, and diarrhea
Inhaled Steroids
- Provide anti-inflammatory effects to reduce airway inflammation
- Used for asthma that is unresponsive to bronchodilator therapy
- Example Budesonide
- Given via inhaler
- Not for emergency or acute asthma attacks
- May cause local side effects like throat irritation, hoarseness, dry mouth, and coughing
- To prevent fungal infections, rinse mouth and throat after each dose and wash the delivery apparatus daily
- Takes 1-4 weeks to reach effective levels
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Description
This quiz explores the pharmacological properties and uses of various respiratory medications, including sympathomimetics, anticholinergics, and xanthines. Test your knowledge on how these drugs function, their indications, and associated precautions. Ideal for students studying pharmacology in medical or pharmacy programs.
