Respiratory Medications and Treatments Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the first step in using a metered-dose inhaler correctly?

Exhale slowly to complete the process.

Press down on the canister while inhaling. (correct)

Hold breath for at least 10 seconds.

Exhale completely before using the inhaler.

Which medication should be used first when treating a respiratory condition?

Anticholinergic

Methylxanthine

Bronchodilator (correct)

Corticosteroid

What can excessive levels of theophylline lead to?

Seizures and dysrhythmias (correct)

Decreased heart rate

Increased appetite

Lower blood pressure

Which of the following is a long-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist?

Salmeterol Signup and view all the answers

What is a key interaction to consider when prescribing theophylline?

Limit use with Tagament Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of corticosteroids in respiratory therapy?

Open airways for deeper medication delivery Signup and view all the answers

What does ipratropium do in respiratory treatment?

Block acetylcholine to reduce bronchoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

How long should a patient hold their breath after inhaling medication from a metered-dose inhaler?

10 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of using long-acting beta agonists like Salmeterol?

They improve lung function and reduce asthma attack frequency. Signup and view all the answers

Which action should be taken to minimize side effects when using beclomethasone?

Rinse mouth and gargle after each use. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of leukotriene modifiers?

Headaches and fatigue. Signup and view all the answers

How should oral granules of medication be administered for optimal results?

Mixed with applesauce or ice cream. Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected action of corticosteroids during an acute asthma attack?

Stop bronchospasms. Signup and view all the answers

What should a client be encouraged to do while taking expectorants?

Increase liquid intake to thin thick mucus. Signup and view all the answers

What is an important monitoring factor for patients on inhaled corticosteroids?

Existence of white patches in the mouth. Signup and view all the answers

What medication is used to increase oxygen saturation in an acute asthma attack?

Albuterol. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiratory Medications and Treatments

Albuterol Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI) is used to relieve bronchospasms.
- Instructions for use:
  - Step 1: Exhale completely, press down on the canister, and inhale medication deeply into the lungs.
  - Step 2: Hold your breath for at least 10 seconds.
  - Step 3: Exhale slowly.
Multiple Inhaler Usage:
- Step 1: Use bronchodilator first to open airways before using corticosteroid.
- Step 2: Follow with corticosteroid for deeper penetration.
Proper Inhaler Technique:
- Exhale completely before using any inhaler.

Medication Therapy

Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists
- Examples: Albuterol (short-acting), salmeterol, formoterol (long-acting)
- Action: Relieve bronchospasms, resulting in bronchodilation.
- Side Effects: Tachycardia, heart palpitations.
Anticholinergics
- Example: Ipratropium
- Action: Block the parasympathetic system that causes bronchoconstriction, leading to bronchodilation.
- Usage: Relieve bronchospasms and reduce secretions in patients with COPD.
Methylxanthines
- Example: Theophylline
- Action: Used in long-term management of COPD and chronic stable asthma.
- Monitoring:
  - Normal theophylline level: 10-20 mcg/ml.
  - Side Effects: Seizures, dysrhythmias.
- Interactions:
  - Limit caffeine intake.
  - Avoid use with Tagament.
Long-Acting Beta Agonists
- Example: Salmeterol
- Benefits: Reduces frequency of asthma attacks, improves lung function over time.
- Precautions: Should not be used for acute symptoms. Must be used with inhaled corticosteroids.
Montelukast (Leukotriene Modifier)
- Dosage: One tablet daily in the evening for optimal results.
- Administration: Oral granules can be mixed with applesauce, ice cream, or placed directly on the tongue.
- Action: Adjunctive therapy given to decrease inflammation and bronchoconstriction. Leukotriene receptor antagonist. Reduces airway inflammation.
- Benefits: Improves asthma control, may reduce reliance on rescue inhalers.
- Side Effects: Headache, fatigue. Rare mood changes reported.
Expectorants and Theophylline
- Expectorants (Guaifenesin):
  - Increase airway secretions to improve cough productivity by thinning thick mucus.
  - Encourage client to increase fluids.
- Theophylline:
  - Can increase cardiac stimulation and cause tachycardia.
- Action: Both medications help open airways, improving breathing.
Beclomethasone (Glucocorticoid) MDI
- Use: Administer as prescribed. Best to use a spacer to limit side effects.
- Instructions:
  - Gargle and rinse mouth after each use.
  - Monitor for white patches in the mouth or on the tongue (candidiasis or thrush).
- Monitor:
  - Check for any adverse effects, including muscle wasting, bone demineralization (osteoporosis), and blood glucose.

Acute Asthma Attack Management

Medication:
- Albuterol: Bronchodilation to stop bronchospasms.
- Oxygen: Increase O2 saturation to improve breathing.
- Corticosteroids: Reduce inflammation for long-term control.

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Description

Test your knowledge on respiratory medications and their appropriate usage. This quiz covers inhaler techniques, types of bronchodilators, and medication therapy. Learn the essential steps to effectively manage respiratory conditions.