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Questions and Answers
What primarily happens during acute bronchitis?
What primarily happens during acute bronchitis?
What is a common cause of laryngitis?
What is a common cause of laryngitis?
Which statement about pneumonia is accurate?
Which statement about pneumonia is accurate?
What is a significant concern when tonsils are removed unnecessarily?
What is a significant concern when tonsils are removed unnecessarily?
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Which condition is characterized by long-term inflammation of the bronchi?
Which condition is characterized by long-term inflammation of the bronchi?
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What triggers upper respiratory tract infections?
What triggers upper respiratory tract infections?
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What role do the tonsils play in the respiratory system?
What role do the tonsils play in the respiratory system?
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What is a key difference between lobular pneumonia and viral pneumonia?
What is a key difference between lobular pneumonia and viral pneumonia?
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Study Notes
Respiratory Health
- The respiratory system connects the body's internal environment to the external environment, like the digestive system.
- The health of the respiratory system depends on the quality of both the internal and external environments.
- Lifestyle choices and external environmental changes affect how the respiratory system functions.
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
- Common causes are viruses or bacteria.
- Bacterial infections require antibiotics.
- Infections affect structures in the upper respiratory tract (nasal passages and trachea).
- Respiratory tract infections are usually short-term and do not block breathing.
Tonsillitis
- Tonsillitis is an infection of the tonsils located in the pharynx.
- Viral infections are more common than bacterial infections.
- Frequent tonsillitis may require surgical removal.
- Tonsils help prevent foreign pathogens from entering the body, but removal does not guarantee a lower infection rate.
Laryngitis
- Laryngitis is the inflammation of the larynx.
- Inflammation may be caused by a viral infection or allergies, or by straining the voice.
- This inflammation causes the vocal cords to not vibrate correctly.
- Symptoms include sore throat and hoarseness.
- Reduced or complete inability to speak normally may occur.
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
- These infections are caused by various factors including infections, obstructive pulmonary disorders (OPD), and lung cancer.
- They affect the bronchi and alveoli.
- These infections impair breathing and interfere with oxygen delivery to the body's cells.
Bronchitis
- Bronchitis involves inflamed bronchi filled with mucus.
- Mucus is expelled through coughing.
- Acute bronchitis is short-term and is usually caused by a bacterial infection, treated with antibiotics.
- Chronic bronchitis is long-term and is associated with regular exposure to irritants and foreign bodies,. The cilia are damaged and there's no cure, only treatment to reduce symptoms.
- Smoking is a common cause of chronic bronchitis.
Pneumonia
- Alveoli get inflamed and fill with fluid.
- This interferes with gas exchange, leading to oxygen starvation.
- Bacterial pneumonia (Streptococcus pneumoniae) has a preventative vaccine.
- Viral pneumonia is less severe and can be treated with anti-viral medication.
Pleurisy
- Pleurisy is the inflammation or swelling of the pleura membrane.
- Causes may be viral, bacterial, blood clots in the lungs, or cancer.
- Symptoms include sharp stabbing chest pain concentrated to a specific area.
- Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause of the swelling and irritation.
Emphysema
- Alveolar walls weaken and lose elasticity.
- This reduces the surface area for gas exchange.
- This leads to oxygen shortage requiring oxygen tanks for breathing.
- Emphysema is permanently caused by smoking.
Cystic Fibrosis
- It's a genetic condition that affects the lungs, making the mucus lining thick and sticky.
- Thick mucus traps pathogens, causing frequent lung infections.
- Treatment involves mucus-thinning medications and antibiotics.
- Life expectancy is less than 45 years.
Asthma
- Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting bronchi and bronchioles.
- Asthma causes breathing difficulties due to reduced airflow.
- Asthma attacks are triggered by various factors (allergens, pollutants, exercise, etc.).
- Inhalers are used to reduce airway inflammation and relax the bronchioles.
Lung Cancer
- Lung cancer involves uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells in the lungs.
- It is a leading cause of death in men and women globally.
- Malignant tumors called carcinomas and tumors can impede airway access leading to breathing issues.
- Smoking is a significant risk factor for lung cancer.
Vaping
- Vaping is a delivery system comparable to a nebulizer.
- Instead of delivering medication, vaping delivers potentially harmful chemicals.
- E-cigarettes' liquid mix components include flavorings or various additives and nicotine/THC.
- Exposure to chemicals in e-liquids might lead to lung inflammation, damage, or cancer.
- Vaping has been also linked to a range of respiratory problems including chronic lung conditions.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts related to respiratory health, including the impact of lifestyle choices on the respiratory system, and common conditions such as upper respiratory tract infections, tonsillitis, and laryngitis. Test your understanding of how these infections affect respiratory function and overall health.
