Respiratory Anatomy Part 1 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does the expansion of lungs allow?

Influx of air

What does the contraction of the lungs force?

Outflow of air

How many lobes does the right lung have?

3 lobes

How many lobules does the left lung have?

2 lobes Signup and view all the answers

What occupies the gap in the left lung?

Mediastinal structures Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main tissue components of the lungs?

Bronchi, alveoli, and vascular tissue Signup and view all the answers

What are bronchi?

Tubes that carry gases to and away from alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What are alveoli?

Tiny sacs involved in air exchange Signup and view all the answers

What does vascular tissue do in the lungs?

Carries blood to and from alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the trachea?

Combines stiffness for structure with flexibility Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the trachea?

Cartilaginous C-shaped rings Signup and view all the answers

How does the trachea obtain its flexibility?

Membrane connecting the rings and smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers

Where is the trachea located?

Below the larynx, stretching into the chest Signup and view all the answers

What is the first division of the bronchi?

Lobar bronchi Signup and view all the answers

How many divisions do the bronchial branches have on the left and right?

14 on the left, 28 on the right Signup and view all the answers

Trachea and the first nine branches of the bronchi have _____________.

cartilaginous rings for support Signup and view all the answers

The final 7 branches of the bronchi are called?

Respiratory zones Signup and view all the answers

What are terminal bronchioles?

The terminal bronchi are called bronchioles Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of alveoli?

Air exchange Signup and view all the answers

What are capillary walls like?

Extraordinarily thin Signup and view all the answers

What do pulmonary arteries do?

Carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What do pulmonary veins do?

Carry oxygenated blood back to the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate of blood flow of pulmonary arteries and veins?

5000 mL per minute Signup and view all the answers

What are bronchial arteries?

Separate blood supply that carries oxygenated blood to lung tissue Signup and view all the answers

What are pneumocytes?

Lung cells Signup and view all the answers

What are type I pneumocytes?

Membranous and flat cells Signup and view all the answers

What are type II pneumocytes?

Cuboidal cells that produce surfactant Signup and view all the answers

Where is surfactant secreted?

By type II pneumocytes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lung Mechanics

Expansion of lungs decreases internal pressure, facilitating air inflow.
Contraction of lungs increases pressure, resulting in air outflow.

Lung Structure

Right lung: 3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior) and 3 lobules (upper, middle, lower).
Left lung: 2 lobes (superior, inferior) with vestigial middle lobe (lingula).
The left lung has a gap occupied by mediastinal structures (heart, esophagus).

Lung Composition

Main tissue components: bronchi, alveoli, and vascular tissue.
Bronchi: Tubes transporting gases to/from alveoli.
Alveoli: Sites for air exchange, comprised of type I (gas exchange) and type II (surfactant production) pneumocytes.
Vascular tissue: Carries blood to/from alveoli.

Trachea Function and Structure

The trachea serves as a flexible windpipe, balancing rigidity for support and flexibility for movement.
Composed of cartilaginous C-shaped rings, open posteriorly.
Flexibility is provided by membranes between rings and smooth muscle that adjusts diameter.

Bronchial Tree

Trachea branches into lobar bronchi entering lung lobes, further dividing into smaller branches.
Left lung has 14 bronchial branches; right lung has 28.
First nine bronchial divisions have cartilaginous rings for stability, while smaller branches lack these supports.

Respiratory Zones

The last seven bronchi branches constitute the respiratory zones.
Terminal bronchi are known as bronchioles; they end at alveolar ducts leading to alveoli.

Alveoli Structure

Alveoli: Tiny sacs for gas exchange, numbering approximately 300 million in healthy lungs.
Each alveolus is surrounded by about 2000 capillaries with extremely thin walls, facilitating rapid gas exchange.

Blood Supply to the Lungs

Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to alveoli.
Pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to the heart.
Blood flow rate through pulmonary arteries and veins is 5000 mL per minute.
Bronchial arteries provide an independent blood supply, transporting oxygenated blood to the lung tissue.

Pneumocyte Types

Pneumocytes: Lung cells responsible for various functions.
Type I pneumocytes: Thin, membranous cells vital for gas exchange, maximizing the surface area-to-volume ratio.
Type II pneumocytes: Cuboidal cells that produce surfactant, significantly reducing surface tension and aiding alveoli expansion.
Surfactant is secreted by type II pneumocytes, preventing surface tension from interfering with lung expansion.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the respiratory system with these flashcards focusing on lung mechanics and anatomy. Each card delves into concepts like lung pressure changes and lung lobes, essential for understanding respiratory function. Perfect for students in anatomy or physiology courses.