Respiratory System Physiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What was the initial rate of quiet breathing recorded in the pneumograph readings?

  • 15 breaths/min
  • 10 breaths/min
  • 20 breaths/min
  • 12 breaths/min (correct)

    • During talking, the respiratory rate becomes regulated and consistent.

    False

    What happens to the respiratory rate and depth during running in place?

    Increased rate and depth of breathing.

    When swallowing water, respiration __________.

    <p>ceases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the test performed with its respiratory observation:

    <p>Talking = Irregular respiratory rate Yawning = Deep prolonged inspiration Coughing = Irregular respiratory rate with expirations Lying down = Regular rhythm with decreased depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason hyperventilation leads to reduced respiratory drive?

    <p>Reduced CO₂ levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Breath-holding after a forceful expiration results in a longer breath-holding interval compared to deep inhalation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do CO₂ levels affect blood pH when the breathing rate decreases?

    <p>CO₂ levels increase, causing pH to decrease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to thoracic volume during inspiration?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Air flows out of the lungs when thoracic volume increases.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate increase in chest circumference during forced inspiration?

    <p>5-7 inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The volume of air present in the lungs after a forceful expiration is called __________.

    <p>Residual volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the respiratory volume terms with their normal values:

    <p>Residual Volume = ~1100 ml Expiratory Reserve Volume = ~1200 ml Tidal Volume = ~500 ml Inspiratory Reserve Volume = 1000 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does an opening in the chest cavity have on lung inflation?

    <p>Collapses the lung on the affected side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The medulla oblongata and pons are responsible for regulating the rate of respiration.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combined impact of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles during inspiration?

    <p>Increase thoracic volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the thoracic volume and internal pressure during inspiration?

    <p>Thoracic volume increases and internal pressure decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diaphragmatic contraction leads to an increase in chest circumference of 2-3 inches during forced inspiration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the volume of air present in the lungs after a forceful expiration?

    <p>Residual volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ increases during contraction of the diaphragm, allowing more air to be inhaled.

    <p>thoracic volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain structures are primarily responsible for regulating the rate of respiration?

    <p>Medulla oblongata and pons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when air enters the pleural space due to a puncture wound?

    <p>The lung on the affected side collapses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately how many milliliters of air can be expelled forcibly after normal expiration?

    <p>1200 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the breathing rate when a person is standing?

    <p>It increases and has a regular rhythm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Breathing rate decreases during yawning.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the observed symptoms after hyperventilation?

    <p>Breathing slowed, felt light-headed, slight tingling in fingers, and took deeper breaths during recovery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Respiration ceases during the period of __________.

    <p>swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the breathing conditions with their effects on respiratory rate:

    <p>Talking = Irregular respiratory rate Lying down = Regular rhythm and rate, decreased depth Coughing = Irregular rate with expirations Running in place = Increased rate and depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely effect on blood pH if breathing rate decreases?

    <p>pH decreases due to increased CO₂</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The urge to inspire is felt after exhaling and then holding your breath.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the impact of concentrating on breathing patterns.

    <p>Respiratory rate is regular but may have intervals of apnea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which modification of the small intestine increases surface area for absorption?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The esophagus conveys both air and food.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ileocecal valve?

    <p>To prevent the backflow of contents from the large intestine into the small intestine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ is wormlike and outpockets from the cecum.

    <p>appendix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following digestive organs with their functions:

    <p>Stomach = Enzymatic digestion Tongue = Initiates swallowing Pharynx = Conduit for food and air Small Intestine = Site for nutrient absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the hepatopancreatic sphincter located?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hard palate forms the posterior boundary of the oral cavity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth?

    <p>Lingual frenulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the respiratory rate when a person is running in place?

    <p>Increases and depth deepens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Coughing leads to a regulated and consistent respiratory rate.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the respiratory behavior observed during yawning?

    <p>Extremely deep prolonged inspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After hyperventilation, the individual typically experiences a feeling of __________.

    <p>light-headedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the experiment conducted with its observable effect on breathing:

    <p>Talking = Irregular respiratory rate Swallowing = Respiration ceases momentarily Standing = Regular rhythm and increased rate Concentrating = Intervals of apnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the observed effect of breath-holding after a deep inhalation?

    <p>45 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Breathing slows and becomes more regular while laughing.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to CO₂ levels and blood pH when the breathing rate decreases?

    <p>CO₂ levels increase and pH decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What internal conditions lead air to flow into the lungs?

    <p>↑ thoracic volume and ↓ pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diaphragm and external intercostal muscles do not affect thoracic volume during inspiration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the lung on the affected side to collapse in the event of a puncture wound to the chest cavity?

    <p>Destruction of the partial vacuum in the pleural space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal expiration is called __________.

    <p>Expiratory reserve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following respiratory volumes with their normal values:

    <p>Residual volume = 1100 ml Tidal volume = 500 ml Expiratory reserve volume = 1200 ml Inspiratory reserve volume = 1000 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During forced inspiration, chest circumference can increase by 5-7 inches.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the neural control centers of respiratory rhythm located?

    <p>Medulla oblongata and pons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological advantage does a greater negative internal pressure during forced inspiration provide?

    <p>It allows more fresh air to reach the alveoli quickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to air pressure inside the lungs when the thoracic volume increases?

    <p>It decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diaphragm and external intercostal muscles lead to an increase in thoracic volume during expiration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The volume of air that remains in the lungs after a forceful expiration is called __________.

    <p>residual volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological effect does a substantial increase in chest circumference during forced inspiration create?

    <p>Increases thoracic volume more.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A puncture wound in the chest cavity increases the pressure in the pleural space.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the two brain structures primarily responsible for regulating the rate of respiration.

    <p>Medulla oblongata and pons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to CO₂ levels and blood pH during an increase in breathing rate?

    <p>CO₂ levels decrease, and pH increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Coughing results in a regulated and consistent respiratory rate.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What respiratory behavior is observed when yawning?

    <p>Extremely deep prolonged inspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Breathing __________ slows down after hyperventilation.

    <p>rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the test performed with its corresponding respiratory observation:

    <p>Talking = Irregular respiratory rate Swallowing = Respiration ceases Running in place = Increased rate and depth Lying down = Regular rhythm and decreased depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is likely to occur when a person is concentrating?

    <p>A regular respiratory rate with breath-holding intervals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During laughing, the respiratory depth may vary based on the nature of the laughter.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After a deep inhalation and breath-holding, what urge is typically felt?

    <p>Urge to expire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Respiratory System Physiology

    • Air flows into the lungs when thoracic volume increases and pressure decreases.
    • Air flows out of the lungs when thoracic volume decreases and pressure increases.
    • Contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles increases thoracic volume during inspiration. This increases the superior-inferior and lateral dimensions of the thoracic cavity.
    • A quiet inspiration increases chest circumference by approximately 2-3 inches. A forced inspiration increases it more. This substantial increase creates more negative internal pressure, allowing more rapid air intake into the alveoli.
    • A puncture wound to the chest cavity destroys the partial vacuum in the pleural space, causing the lung to collapse.
    • Respiratory volumes and capacities are measured by spirometry.
      • Tidal volume (TV): ~500ml - The volume of air breathed in and out during a normal respiration
      • Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV): ~2700-2800ml - The volume of air that can be inhaled forcibly after a normal inspiration
      • Expiratory reserve volume (ERV): ~1200ml - The volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal expiration
      • Residual volume (RV): ~1100ml - The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration
      • Vital capacity (VC): ~4800ml - The sum of TV, IRV, and ERV.

    Factors Influencing Respiration Rate and Depth

    • Respiratory rhythm centers are located in the medulla oblongata and pons.
    • Respiratory rate can change based on activity types such as talking, yawning, laughing, standing, running, swallowing, coughing, and lying down, and concentrating.

    Factors Influencing Rate and Depth of Respiration

    • Increased carbon dioxide, decreased oxygen, and decreased blood pH increase respiratory rate and depth.
    • Decreased carbon dioxide, increased oxygen, and increased blood pH decrease respiratory rate and depth.
    • The respiratory rate increases during hyperventilation due to low CO2 levels.

    Digestive System Anatomy

    • The alimentary canal is the tubelike digestive system that extends from the mouth to the anus.
    • The alimentary canal is divided into a series of layers (from inner to outer): Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa.
    • The muscularis externa in the stomach is modified with an additional oblique layer for enhanced churning activity.
    • The stomach, small intestine, and large intestine mechanically and chemically break down food.

    Accessory Digestive Organs

    • Teeth are involved in the mechanical breakdown of food.
    • There are 20 deciduous teeth and 32 permanent teeth.
    • The digestive system has associated organs (e.g., salivary glands, liver, and pancreas) that produce digestive juices.
      • Salivary glands produce amylase for starch breakdown.
      • The pancreas produces pancreatic enzymes.
      • The liver produces bile.
      • Gallbladder stores bile.

    Digestion of Foodstuffs - Enzymatic Action

    • Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process.
    • Hydrolases are a type of enzyme that break down complex molecules like proteins, fats, and carbohydrates using water.

    Physical Processes - Mechanisms of Food Propulsion and Mixing

    • Key processes in food propulsion and mixing include:
      • Buccal phase: voluntary phase of swallowing
        • Peristalsis: propulsive waves of smooth muscle contraction
        • Cardioesophageal sphincter: opens when food/fluids arrive

    Urinary System Anatomy

    • Kidneys are surrounded by a fatty cushion for support.
    • The urinary system organs include kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
    • The kidneys maintain water and electrolyte balance, and produce urine.
    • Ureters connect kidneys to urinary bladder.
    • Urinary bladder is a storage tank for urine.
    • Urethra is the tube for urine expulsion.

    Gross Anatomy of the Pig/Sheep Kidney

    • Fibrous capsules are smooth membranes that surround the kidney.
    • The cortex is the superficial region of kidney tissue that contains the bulk of the nephron structures.
    • The medulla is a region containing mostly collecting ducts.
    • The pelvis is an area continuous with the ureter.
    • Calyx is an extension of the pelvis.
    • Renal columns are areas of cortexlike tissue between the renal pyramids.

    Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney

    • The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and includes a collecting duct.
    • Components of the nephron include glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule.
    • Blood vessels in the nephron include the glomerulus, peritubular capillaries, afferent arteriole, and efferent arteriole.

    Characteristics of Urine

    • Normal 24-hour urine volume is 1-1.8 liters.
    • Three nitrogenous wastes routinely found in urine are urea, uric acid, and ammonia.

    Reproductive System Anatomy

    • The testes produce sperm and testosterone.
    • Reproductive system structures include epididymis, seminal glands, bulbo-urethral glands, prostate, urethra, seminal vesicles, testes.
    • The scrotum keeps testes at a slightly cooler temperature, which is crucial for sperm production.

    Gross Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

    • The vagina is the copulatory canal.
    • The uterine tube is where fertilization typically occurs.
    • The ovaries produce eggs (ova).
    • The uterus is where the fetus develops.

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    Review Sheet 24: Respiratory System Physiology PDF
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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the respiratory system's physiology with this quiz. Explore the mechanics of air flow, thoracic volume changes, and how various factors affect lung capacity and function. Understand vital concepts like tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and the implications of chest injuries.

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