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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of quantitative research?

  • Relies heavily on subjective interpretations of data.
  • Requires the researcher to interpret data to form thematic ideas.
  • Uses research questions and hypotheses to guide research projects. (correct)
  • Uses open ended questions.

    • Which is NOT a characteristic of qualitative research?

  • Researchers analyze the data by looking for thematic patterns.
  • Focuses on subjective interpretations of data.
  • Uses open ended questions.
  • Uses research questions and hypotheses to guide research projects. (correct)

    • Which of the following is a typical data collection method used in quantitative research?

  • Interviews
  • Document Review
  • Focus Groups
  • Surveys (correct)

    • Which of the following is an example of a dependent variable in a quantitative research study?

    <p>The score on an exam. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a research method?

    <p>Selection and number of participants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of "Dissemination of research"?

    <p>The sharing of research findings with others. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common data analysis strategy for qualitative research?

    <p>Statistical Analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common data collection method?

    <p>Hypothesis testing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the aim of positivist research?

    <p>To explain, predict, and control phenomena. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a characteristic of constructivist research?

    <p>Focuses on understanding the meaning ascribed to human experiences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key principle of the positivist paradigm?

    <p>The aim is to understand the subjective experiences of individuals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is objectivity not a desired outcome in critical theory research?

    <p>Because critical theory seeks to identify the power structures that shape our understanding of the world. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following research methods would be most suitable for a constructivist study?

    <p>An in-depth interview exploring participants' personal experiences and perspectives. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which paradigm emphasizes that reality is constructed by those in power?

    <p>Critical theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor considered in critical theory research?

    <p>Scientific objectivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key differences between positivist and constructivist research?

    <p>Positivism prioritizes objectivity, while constructivism believes in multiple truths and the influence of context. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reasoning, deductive or inductive, is often used in qualitative research?

    <p>Inductive reasoning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key difference between a theoretical and a conceptual framework?

    <p>A theoretical framework focuses on subjective exploration, while a conceptual framework seeks objective hypothesis testing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research method aligns with the following research question: "How does social media use influence the levels of self-esteem among teenagers?"

    <p>Quantitative research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a study examining the effects of a new medication on blood pressure, what would the independent variable be?

    <p>The new medication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following research designs is most likely to be used in a qualitative study exploring the lived experiences of refugees?

    <p>Case study (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a theoretical framework?

    <p>To explain and predict relationships between variables. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of the investigator in a quantitative research study?

    <p>To remain objective and unbiased in their observations and interpretations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reasoning would likely be used to develop a theory based on the observation of specific patterns in student performance?

    <p>Inductive reasoning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of the Post-Positivism paradigm when conducting research?

    <p>Producing unbiased and generalizable research. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Post-Positivism paradigm?

    <p>Focuses on the role of the researcher's values and beliefs in shaping research. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Post-Positivism paradigm in terms of research findings?

    <p>Identifying causal relationships between variables. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key concept that the Post-Positivism paradigm emphasizes in relation to research methodology?

    <p>Quantitative data analysis and statistical modeling. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why the Post-Positivism paradigm acknowledges the limitations of empirical data?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of the Critical Theory paradigm?

    <p>To achieve emancipation and social change through reconstruction of knowledge. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research method is typically associated with the Critical Theory paradigm?

    <p>Qualitative research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the dialogue used in Critical Theory research?

    <p>It is transformative and brings forth historical context. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Critical Theory paradigm address power imbalances in research?

    <p>By acknowledging and analyzing the power dynamics present. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key element of qualitative research in the Critical Theory paradigm?

    <p>Capturing personal perceptions and lived experiences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a research question that aligns with the Critical Theory paradigm?

    <p>How do women's experiences of childbirth differ in different cultural settings? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a specific critical theory that aligns with the Critical Theory paradigm?

    <p>Feminist theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between a Meta-Analysis and an Integrative Review?

    <p>Meta-Analysis combines quantitative studies, whereas Integrative Review combines qualitative and quantitative studies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of conducting a Meta-Analysis or an Integrative Review?

    <p>To provide a comprehensive overview of current research on a particular topic. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to consider the theoretical frameworks in a quantitative research study?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a typical factor considered when critically appraising the design of a quantitative study?

    <p>The researcher's personal biases and potential conflicts of interests. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is randomization seen as crucial in experimental studies?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major threats to validity in a quasi-experimental study?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common concern with non-experimental studies?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Cochrane Collaboration ensure in terms of systematic reviews?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Research Study Design and Evaluation

    • A research study's design should be consistent with its purpose, methods, and findings.
    • Researchers use frameworks to guide their studies, which can be theoretical or conceptual.
    • Quantitative studies frequently use pre-defined frameworks for hypothesis testing.
    • Qualitative studies often develop frameworks during the research process to explore meanings and experiences.
    • Critically evaluating a research study involves examining its design, methods, and findings.
    • Essential considerations for evaluating a study include the research question, hypotheses, variables, methodology, sample size, and data analysis.
    • Assessing the trustworthiness and validity of a study's findings is crucial.
    • Researchers should address potential issues like bias, confounding variables, and limitations.

    Quantitative Research

    • Quantitative research uses numerical data to test hypotheses and determine relationships between variables.
    • Common quantitative designs include experimental, quasi-experimental, and non-experimental studies.
    • In an experimental study, the researcher manipulates an independent variable and measures its effect on a dependent variable while controlling for other variables.
    • Quasi-experimental studies have less control over extraneous variables.
    • Non-experimental studies observe relationships or differences without manipulating variables.
    • Quantitative studies utilize various types of research designs (e.g. cross-sectional, longitudinal) for specific research aims.

    Qualitative Research

    • Qualitative research explores complex social phenomena and generates new theories.
    • Methods include interviews, focus groups, observations, and document analysis.
    • Qualitative studies frequently use inductive reasoning, where the researcher starts with observations and builds a theory.
    • Qualitative research emphasizes the diverse perspectives of participants.

    Research Methodologies

    • Methodologies are the procedures and techniques utilized to collect and analyze data in a research study.
    • Qualitative research often employs methodologies such as data collection, interviews, observations, and field notes.
    • Quantitative research typically utilizes specific data analysis techniques; statistical methods are applied to evaluate data patterns and relationships.

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