Research Methods Fundamentals

Focuses on measuring quantities or amounts, using numbers and statistical analysis to understand phenomena.

Explores qualities, meanings, and interpretations, using words, observations, and interpretations to understand experiences.

A systematic process for conducting research, outlining the steps and techniques to be used.

Specific tools and techniques used to collect and analyze data within a research project.

A philosophical stance that emphasizes objectivity, measurement, and the scientific method in research.

A philosophical stance that highlights the subjective interpretations and meanings of individuals within a social context.

A philosophical stance that challenges existing power structures and aims to bring about social change through research.

A complex debate in social sciences about the strengths and limitations of quantitative and qualitative research approaches.

Techniques used to collect data in research, like experiments, surveys, or interviews.

Statistical methods used to analyze relationships between data and unknowns, like calculating averages or correlations.

Methods used to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of research findings, like checking for errors or biases.

Understanding the logic behind research methods and how they fit together to address a research problem.

The researcher must select methods that are relevant to the research problem and understand their assumptions, strengths, and limitations.

Researchers need to be able to interpret and explain the results of their analysis in a meaningful way.

The process of research, from the initial idea to the final report, should be transparent and open to scrutiny.

The assumption that researchers and the phenomenon under study are separate entities. The researcher remains neutral and does not influence the study.

The ability to control variables in a study to isolate the effect of one specific factor. Crucial for identifying cause-and-effect relationships.

The ability of a study to produce accurate and reliable results that can be generalized to a larger population.

The potential for error due to limitations in sample size, short interview duration, and rigid study structures.

The practice of collecting data from a large, representative group of individuals to ensure findings can be generalized to the wider population.

The use of statistical techniques to analyze and interpret numerical data, highlighting patterns, relationships, and trends.

A clear, precise definition of a term using specific steps or procedures for measurement.

Repeating a study to ensure that the results are reliable and consistent.

A testable statement that proposes a relationship between variables.

A systematic approach to testing a hypothesis through observation and data collection.

The ability to isolate and study a specific variable or effect while controlling for other potential influences.

The strength of quantitative research lies in its ability to measure, control, and analyze data precisely.

Because humans are complex, it's challenging to control for all variables and predict their behavior consistently.

Focusing solely on numbers can oversimplify human experience and neglect their unique interpretations and choices.

A type of qualitative research method that involves actively participating in the setting being observed, gathering data through observation, interviews, and interactions.

A method used in quantitative research where participants are randomly assigned to different treatments or groups, allowing for comparison of outcomes.

A method used in quantitative research to select participants from a population in a way that ensures each member has an equal chance of being chosen.

The ability to generalize the findings from a research sample to the larger population from which the sample was drawn.

A collection of qualitative research methods that seek to understand specific individuals or cases in depth and detail, examining their experiences and perspectives.

Research methods are the specific techniques and tools used to gather information and analyze data in a research project. These methods are tailored to the research question and aim to efficiently collect reliable data.

Exploratory research aims to understand a problem that is not yet clearly defined. It helps researchers define the problem, identify potential solutions, and determine the best research approach.

Exploratory research usually involves gathering information through secondary research like reviewing existing data or literature, or conducting qualitative studies like interviews or focus groups.

The goal of exploratory research is not to draw definitive conclusions but to provide insights and understanding of a problem. It can help researchers determine the best approach for further research.

Exploratory research can help researchers identify patterns, trends, or potential solutions to a problem. This information can be used to refine the research question or design further research.

The Internet provides new tools for conducting interactive exploratory research, such as RSS feeds, search engine alerts, and trend analysis.

Exploratory research is often the first step in a research project. It helps define the problem, gather preliminary insights, and determine the direction for further research.

While exploratory research provides valuable insights, it's generally not sufficient for making definitive decisions. Further research with more rigorous methods is often required.