Research Proposal Fundamentals for Aging Studies
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the Research Institute for Aging, as mentioned in the content?

  • Elder care, cognitive impairments, and caregiver mental health. (correct)
  • Technological advancements in healthcare.
  • Environmental impacts on aging populations.
  • Pediatric healthcare and developmental disorders.
  • Which of the following is NOT considered a key element of a successful research proposal, according to the content?

  • Feasibility within a limited timeframe.
  • Extensive budget allocation. (correct)
  • Relevance to recreational therapy.
  • Novelty.
  • What is the suggested initial step for Week 2's class objectives?

  • Finalize the grant application.
  • Define the research question.
  • Brainstorm research topics and create an initial proposal. (correct)
  • Perform data analysis.
  • What is the deadline for submitting the research team contract?

    <p>January 22nd. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides submitting the research team contract, what other task is required during Week 2?

    <p>Choose a research question and determine measurement criteria. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a suitable topic to be researched by the Centre for Elder Research?

    <p>Innovative methods in long-term care. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which section of a grant application highlights the uniqueness of the proposed research?

    <p>Background. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT included in the list of new research terminology?

    <p>Meta-Analysis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to include at least one reference in Section 1 (Background) of a research grant application?

    <p>To support your research direction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of analysis should be done to determine the strengths and weaknesses of an existing successful research grant application?

    <p>Case study analysis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of a study is directly determined by the data collection methods used?

    <p>The reliability and validity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a research proposal, where are data sources and data collection methods typically described?

    <p>Sections 4 and 5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum number of different data collection methods that should be used in a research study, according to the content?

    <p>Two (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which data collection method is characterized by designing structured questions to gather data from a large number of participants?

    <p>Surveys (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary advantage of using interviews as a data collection method?

    <p>They provide a detailed in-depth understanding. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential drawback of using the observation method in data collection?

    <p>It is susceptible to researcher subjectivity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a research methodology from a data collection method?

    <p>Research methodology is the overall design and strategy, while data collection method is the specific way of gathering data. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following exemplifies a 'double-barreled' question that should be avoided in survey design?

    <p>&quot;Do you find this plan interesting and useful?&quot; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Bramm Research's design tips, how should the flow of questions be structured in a survey?

    <p>From general to specific (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key element should be included in the introduction of a survey questionnaire?

    <p>An explanation of the questionnaire's purpose. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is most important when evaluating the specificity of a research problem?

    <p>Whether the research problem is clearly defined and measurable. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary concern when designing survey questions?

    <p>Avoiding leading questions that could introduce bias. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical category in a research budget?

    <p>Executive bonuses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of requiring researchers to obtain informed consent from participants?

    <p>To respect participants' autonomy and right to make informed decisions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following exemplifies a poorly designed question due to encompassing multiple inquiries at once?

    <p>&quot;Do you favor raising camper fees for trip programs but not for other camp programs?&quot; (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should researchers do to manage potential conflicts of interest in their research?

    <p>Disclose them transparently to relevant parties. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of designing questions, what does a 'leading question' primarily risk?

    <p>Influencing the respondent to answer in a specific way. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of data privacy measures in research?

    <p>To protect participants' sensitive information from unauthorized access. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important that a Likert scale is well-presented?

    <p>To provide sufficient information and equal intervals for the user, while increasing the data validity and quality. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of research, what does 'methodology' generally refer to?

    <p>The overall approach and rationale for the research design. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Week 5's Data Collection Methods (Part 2)?

    <p>Focus groups and Interviews. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does PROMs stand for in the context of data collection?

    <p>Patient-Reported Outcome Measures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between research standards and research ethics?

    <p>Research standards ensure accuracy and reliability, while research ethics address moral principles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the course agenda, what is one task related to the research proposal due this week?

    <p>Planning the data collection methods. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a research team contract?

    <p>To establish clear roles, responsibilities, and expectations among team members. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to provide detailed and justified explanations for each item in a research budget?

    <p>To ensure the proposed expenses align with the research goals and are reasonable. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apart from progressing on the research proposal, what is another task due by January 31st?

    <p>Completing the ethics training(TCPS). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be taken immediately after submitting the research team contract?

    <p>Submit sections 1, 2, and 3 of the research fund application. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary benefit of using qualitative data collection methods?

    <p>They offer deeper insights into attitudes and feelings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In focus groups, what technique is used to guide the discussion flow?

    <p>Question funnel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential challenge specifically associated with traditional focus groups?

    <p>High travel costs and facility rental fees (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of online focus groups, what does a 'synchronous' format refer to?

    <p>A real-time discussion with immediate feedback. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary activity suggested for Day 1 in a three-day online discussion format?

    <p>The moderator posting various types of questions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When might individual interviews be preferred over focus groups?

    <p>When needing to probe deeply into personal experiences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an advantage of individual interviews compared to focus groups regarding data handling?

    <p>They generally result in easier transcription and analysis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which interview approach relies heavily on close-ended questions?

    <p>Structured (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should researchers assure respondents of, during focus groups?

    <p>That there are no right or wrong answers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an online discussion format, what are participants expected to do on days 2-3?

    <p>Review posts from other members. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which data collection method involves numerical scores reflecting individual perceptions of health and quality of life?

    <p>Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of frequency counts in observational data collection?

    <p>Eliminating subjective factors to improve accuracy and consistency. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of unobtrusive methods in data collection?

    <p>The data collector remains unknown and passive. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical consideration when using unobtrusive observation methods?

    <p>Ensuring that it will not be an invasion of privacy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods involves collecting thoughts, words, and feelings?

    <p>Journals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'accessibility and ease' refer to in the context of recruiting participants for data collection?

    <p>Ensuring the data collection methods are easy to use, accessible, and appealing to participants. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sampling is suitable for large-scale data collection where a representative group is needed from a specific population?

    <p>Probability Sampling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sampling is useful when access to the target population is limited, and you need participants to recommend other potential participants?

    <p>Snowball Sampling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does duration measures refer to within observations?

    <p>Recording time intervals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'descriptions of specific behaviours' refer to within observations?

    <p>Listing or identifying specific behaviour to later record (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the interview guide (semi-structured)?

    <p>None of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key component of the research proposal project?

    <p>Completing a grant application (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are patients perceptions of health and quality of life measured?

    <p>Patient-reported outcome measures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which data collecting participation are students given?

    <p>Ontario Student Experience Survey (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a tracking device that may be used for data collection?

    <p>Fitbit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Novelty

    The requirement for research topics to be new and not duplicated.

    Relevance

    Research that must connect to Recreational Therapy (RT).

    Feasibility

    The practicality of completing research within a limited timeframe.

    Research Proposal

    A structured plan detailing research objectives and methodologies.

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    Research Grants

    Funding sources available to support research projects.

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    Grant Application Process

    Steps to apply for research funding successfully.

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    Methodologies

    The different methods used in research to gather data.

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    Systematic Review

    A methodical evaluation of existing research studies.

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    Pilot Test

    A preliminary study to test the research design and methods.

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    Literature Review

    A comprehensive analysis of existing literature related to a research topic.

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    Data Collection Methods

    Techniques used to gather information for research, ensuring reliability and validity.

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    Reliability

    The consistency of a measure; does it yield the same results under the same conditions?

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    Validity

    The accuracy and relevance of the data collected; does it measure what it intends to?

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    Survey

    A method of collecting data through structured questions from a large audience.

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    Interviews

    A method of collecting deep insights through direct conversations, either in person or over the phone.

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    Observation

    Collecting data by watching participants' behavior in natural settings.

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    Experiments

    Research method where variables are manipulated to observe effects in a controlled setting.

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    Focus Groups

    Discussions among a small group, led by a moderator to gain diverse perspectives.

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    Quantitative Research

    Research methods that involve numerical data for statistical analysis.

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    Qualitative Research

    Research methods focusing on understanding concepts, experiences, or social phenomena.

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    Qualitative Data Collection

    Methodology providing deeper insights into attitudes and feelings.

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    Question Funnel

    A method used to guide discussions with gradually focused questions.

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    Social Distancing Challenges

    Restrictions that affect participation in focus group settings.

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    Synchronous Focus Groups

    Real-time discussions enabling immediate feedback from participants.

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    Asynchronous Focus Groups

    Discussions held over time, allowing flexible participant responses.

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    Three-Day Discussion Format

    A structured approach for online discussions over three days.

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    Individual Interviews

    One-on-one discussions allowing deeper exploration of personal experiences.

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    Structured Interviews

    A data collection method using closed-ended questions.

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    Dominance Bias

    Tendency for a group leader to influence the discussion leading to biased results.

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    Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs)

    Tools used to measure patients' perceptions of their health.

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    Poorly Designed Questions

    Questions that confuse respondents and yield unreliable data.

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    Leading Questions

    Questions that suggest a particular answer or outcome.

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    Likert Scale

    A scale used to measure attitudes or opinions, typically from agree to disagree.

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    Survey Design Techniques

    Methods used to create effective surveys that collect valid data.

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    Research Criteria

    Guidelines that define the quality of research, including specificity of research questions.

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    Ethical Considerations

    Important ethical issues that need to be addressed in research, ensuring safety and integrity.

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    Informed Consent

    A process where participants are fully informed about the research and agree to take part voluntarily.

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    Data Privacy

    The protection of personal data of research participants from unauthorized access or disclosure.

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    Conflict of Interest

    A situation where a researcher's personal interests change their decisions or actions in their research.

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    Budget Planning

    The process of allocating financial resources for a research project to ensure efficient expenditure.

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    Budget Categories

    Different sections of a budget that outline specific areas of spending, like equipment or personnel.

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    Research Ethics Training

    Training to ensure researchers understand ethical standards and how to apply them in their projects.

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    PROMs

    Standardized questionnaires measuring patient perceptions of health and quality of life.

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    Data Collection

    The process of gathering information for analysis and research.

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    Sampling Methods

    Techniques used to select participants for research studies.

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    Probability Sampling

    A sampling method where every individual has a known chance of being selected.

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    Non-Probability Sampling

    A sampling technique where not all individuals have a chance of being selected.

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    Observational Methods

    Research techniques where data is gathered by watching subjects.

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    Data Collection Challenges

    Obstacles faced while acquiring data for research.

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    Unobtrusive Methods

    Data collection techniques where the observer does not interfere with the environment.

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    Patient-Reported Outcomes

    Health data directly reported by patients, not interpreted by others.

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    Visual Methods

    Data collection techniques using images or visual tools for insights.

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    Trackers

    Devices or applications that monitor and collect data on personal metrics.

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    Reflection and Review

    The process of assessing collected data to determine its effectiveness.

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    Study Notes

    Week 1 - Evaluation and Research Class 2025

    • Course Introduction: Evaluation and Research class, 2025. Topics include the core differences between research and evaluation, research design processes, data collection methods, research ethics (TCPS 2 training), and creating research proposals.
    • Research vs. Evaluation: Research aims to discover new knowledge and build or test theories. Evaluation gauges the effectiveness of programs or policies. Research uses systematic inquiries, experiments, and data analysis; evaluation employs data analysis, interviews, and surveys.
    • Research Terminology: Key terms presented include Hypothesis (Research Prediction), Variables (Factors Affecting Outcome), Quantitative Research (Statistical Analysis), and Qualitative Research (Interviews & Observation).
    • Validity and Reliability: Students should understand the difference between Validity and Reliability in the context of research.
    • TCPS 2 Ethics Training: Course incorporates training on research ethics. Components include Informed Consent, Confidentiality, REB Approval, and Conflict of Interest. Due date for completion is Jan 31.

    Week 2 - Evaluation and Research Design Process

    • Course Overview: Review of Week 1 material (terminology and ethics), research design processes, case studies (Stay Active plan, Mohawk College research project), and completion of a research team contract & developing a research proposal.
    • Research Terminology Additions: New terms introduced include Consent, Confidentiality, and Conflict of Interest.
    • Research Design Process: A six-step process is highlighted: Research Question, Objectives, Methodology (Quantitative or Qualitative), Data Collection Methods, Data Analysis, and Research Report.
    • Case Study Analysis: Detailed example involving a Stay Active program for inpatients. Methodologies include Pre and Post Assessment, Post-Program Satisfaction Survey, and Retention & Registration Data.

    Week 3 - Research Grants and Grant Application

    • Research Grants Overview: Learning about funding sources for research, such as the Research Institute for Aging, Centre for Elder Research, and Ontario Centres for Learning, Research, and Innovation in Long-Term Care. Topics include Research Grants & Resources, Ethics & Research Criteria.
    • Research Proposal and Grant Application: The course focuses on the grant application process including Grant Application Process, Ethics and Research Criteria, and critical sections of a research proposal (Grant Application Sections 1-3).
    • Budgeting: A core topic involves Budget Categories with a $10,000 budget maximum.

    Week 4 - Data Collection Methods (Part 1)

    • Data Collection Methods: In-depth exploration of data collection methods, including Surveys, Interviews, Observations, and Experiments. The purpose of the different methods and their respective strengths are discussed.
    • Research Methodology vs. Data Collection Methods: Distinguishing between the broader research approach (e.g., qualitative vs. quantitative) and the specific ways of gathering data.
    • Bramm Research Survey Formats: Focus is on creating high-quality surveys that avoid ambiguous, double-barreled, and leading questions.
    • Research Proposal Project: Course emphasizes the importance of a thorough and well-reasoned research proposal project.

    Week 5 - Data Collection Methods (Part 2) & PROMS

    • Data Collection Methods (Part 2): Discusses Focus Groups, Interviews, and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) in more detail.
    • PROMS: Information regarding standardized questionnaires for measuring perceptions of health and quality of life is provided.
    • Data Collection Opportunities: Options for collecting data, including the Ontario Student Experience Survey and TR Month Celebration Activities, are discussed.
    • Research Proposal Project: Continuing to refine the research proposal and focusing on sections 4 and 5. Group work is encouraged.

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    Week 1-5 Summary Document PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on key elements of successful research proposals, particularly in the context of aging studies. This quiz covers essential topics, deadlines, and the unique aspects of research applications as outlined in your course. Perfect for students focusing on gerontology and research methodologies.

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