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Questions and Answers
What are the seven general types of concepts or variables that often form part of public affairs analysis, listed in order of their increasing likelihood of being independent?
Which of the following accurately describes the four major components of research design?
Identify the two major components of generalizations in research.
What are the four major types of generalizations often discussed in research?
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Which options list the three dimensions for classifying public affairs theories?
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What are the seven stages of the research process in order?
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Which of these represents major threats to the internal validity of a research design?
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What are the four major types of systems of generalizations, ranked from weakest to strongest?
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Study Notes
Research Process Stages
- Seven stages: Define the problem, review existing literature, formulate the hypothesis, design the research, collect the data, analyze the data, and interpret the results.
Research Types
- Quantitative research: Emphasizes numerical data and statistical analysis.
- Qualitative research: Utilizes non-numerical data like text, interviews, and observations.
- Historical/contextual research: Focuses on understanding a specific historical period or context, often drawing upon primary sources.
Public Good Models
- Three types: Individualistic, collective, and social.
Generalizations
- Two components: Empirical observation and theoretical constructs.
- Four types: Descriptive generalizations, comparative generalizations, explanatory generalizations, and theoretical generalizations.
Systems of Generalizations
- Four types: Descriptive, comparative, explanatory, and theoretical, with theoretical generalizations being the strongest in supporting research problems and explanations.
Public Affairs Theories
- Three dimensions: Individualistic vs. Collectivistic, Rationalistic vs. Behavioralistic, and Normative vs. Empirical.
Public Affairs Analysis Concepts
- Seven types: Outcomes, behaviors, attitudes, structures, processes, events, and trends.
Hypothesis Properties
- Four properties: Testable, falsifiable, parsimonious, and generative.
Levels of Operationalization
- Five levels: Conceptual, nominal, operational, empirical, and experimental.
Research Design Components
- Four components: Research question, hypothesis, data collection method, and analysis plan.
Threats to Internal Validity
- Seven threats: History, maturation, testing, instrumentation, selection bias, regression to the mean, and mortality.
Research Design Symbols
- Understanding symbolism: Different symbols represent various research designs, each with strengths and weaknesses.
Essay Preparation
- Be prepared to describe and defend a research design appropriate for a given hypothesis. Understand the strengths and weaknesses of various design options.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the stages of the research process, various research types, and models of public goods. This quiz covers the fundamentals of both qualitative and quantitative research along with systems of generalizations. Perfect for students or professionals looking to refresh their understanding of research methodology.
