Research Methodology Overview

Research is the systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.

Research refers to the overall process of inquiry, while research methodology refers to the specific methods and techniques used to collect and analyze data.

The characteristics of research include systematic investigation, empirical evidence, reproducibility, and contribution to knowledge.

<p>Objectives of research can include exploring a phenomenon, testing a hypothesis, solving a problem, or generating new knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different types include qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-method approaches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ex-post facto research is a non-experimental design that examines the relationship between variables after they have occurred.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Types of social research include descriptive research, exploratory research, explanatory research, and evaluative research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social research is a method of gathering data and information about social phenomena and human behaviour.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Major limitations include lack of resources, biases in data collection, ethical constraints, and difficulty in generalizing findings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two types of data are qualitative data, which describes qualities or characteristics, and quantitative data, which deals with numbers and statistics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The research process is a systematic sequence of steps that researchers follow to conduct studies and answer questions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A research problem is a specific issue, difficulty, or gap in knowledge that a researcher aims to address.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Features include clarity, relevance, feasibility, and significance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sources include personal experience, literature review, societal issues, and scientific theories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Research design is a detailed plan or framework outlining how to conduct the research, including data collection and analysis methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two features of research design are its reliability, which ensures consistency of results, and its validity, which assesses if the research measures what it intends to measure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two characteristics are systematic planning and flexibility to adapt to new findings during the study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A null hypothesis is a statement asserting that there is no significant difference or effect between specified populations or groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A solicited research proposal is a request for research conducted in response to an external request, often provided by funding agencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Advantages include clarity in objectives, structured planning, and a means to secure funding or approval.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The universe represents the entire population, while a sample is a subset selected from that population for study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sample size refers to the number of observations or data points included in a study, which impacts the accuracy and reliability of results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Qualitative data explores attributes and characteristics, while quantitative data is numerical and can be counted or measured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sample design is the strategy used to select a sample from a population to ensure valid and reliable data collection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A convenience sample is a non-random selection of subjects that are easily accessible to the researcher.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two types of sampling errors are: random error, which occurs by chance, and systematic error, which occurs due to a consistent flaw in the sampling process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Choose primary data when specific, current information is needed, and secondary data when existing data can suffice or for comparative analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The case study method involves an in-depth exploration of a single case or a small number of cases, providing detailed insights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary data is collected directly by the researcher for a specific purpose, while secondary data is previously collected data available for analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sources of secondary data include published research articles, government reports, and databases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pilot study is a small preliminary study conducted to test the feasibility, time, cost, and adverse events involved in a particular research approach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data processing involves organizing, manipulating, and analyzing raw data to extract meaningful information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Four methods include quantitative classification, qualitative classification, spatial classification, and temporal classification.</p> Signup and view all the answers