Research Methods Overview
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Questions and Answers

In scientific research, researchers propose ______ or theories and design experiments to test them.

hypotheses

Research helps individuals and organizations become ______ in specific areas by providing a deep understanding of a subject.

experts

Research often involves ______ between experts, institutions, and even countries, leading to the exchange of ideas and resources.

collaboration

Research can improve the quality of ______ by developing new teaching methods, educational tools, or curriculums.

<p>education</p> Signup and view all the answers

Research, especially surveys and polls, plays a key role in shaping ______, especially during elections or debates on controversial issues.

<p>opinion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Research can evaluate the success or failure of programs, products, or ______.

<p>interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank] research encourages innovation by combining knowledge from various fields.

<p>Interdisciplinary</p> Signup and view all the answers

Research is ______ and follows a clear, structured approach.

<p>organized</p> Signup and view all the answers

Depending on the field and context, research is an essential process for gaining ______, solving problems, or making informed decisions.

<p>knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

Market research can reveal consumer needs and preferences, helping businesses improve products or ______.

<p>services</p> Signup and view all the answers

Research is crucial for ______, whether it's inventing new technology, improving existing systems or exploring new scientific theories, research drives progress.

<p>innovation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Governments and organizations use research to guide public ______, such as climate change strategies, public health guidelines, or economic policies.

<p>policy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Companies rely on research to assess market trends, competitors, customer behavior, and product ______.

<p>viability</p> Signup and view all the answers

Academic research generates new theories, frameworks, and methodologies that advance understanding in various ______.

<p>fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

Through research, individuals can develop critical thinking skills by evaluating ______, analyzing data, and forming reasoned conclusions.

<p>sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

Research is the foundation for producing original content in fields such as writing, ______, or media production.

<p>journalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

__________ research aims to identify relationships between variables without manipulating them.

<p>Correlational</p> Signup and view all the answers

__________ research explores phenomena through non-numerical data, focusing on meanings and experiences.

<p>Qualitative</p> Signup and view all the answers

__________ research quantifies problems by generating numerical data that can be analyzed statistically.

<p>Quantitative</p> Signup and view all the answers

__________ research investigates causal relationships by manipulating one variable and observing its effect on another in a controlled environment.

<p>Experimental</p> Signup and view all the answers

__________ research solves specific problems within a community or organization through collaboration and continuous feedback.

<p>Action</p> Signup and view all the answers

The focus of correlational research is understanding the _________ and direction of relationships between variables.

<p>strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

Common methods used in qualitative research include interviews, focus groups, _________, and case studies.

<p>ethnography</p> Signup and view all the answers

Surveys, experiments, and statistical __________ are common methods used in quantitative research.

<p>modeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

In grounded theory research, the purpose is to generate a theory based on data collected from the ______.

<p>field</p> Signup and view all the answers

The purpose of descriptive-analytical research is to describe a phenomenon and then ______ it.

<p>analyze</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank] research focuses on expanding knowledge and developing theory.

<p>Basic</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank] research is geared toward solving specific real-world problems.

<p>Applied</p> Signup and view all the answers

The goal of ______ research is to gain initial insights and define problems.

<p>Exploratory</p> Signup and view all the answers

The objective of ______ research is describing phenomena or behaviors.

<p>Descriptive</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank] research aims to testing cause-and-effect in controlled settings.

<p>Experimental</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank] research focuses on studying the changes over time.

<p>Longitudinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank] research provides a snapshot of a population at one point in time.

<p>Cross-Sectional</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ design is the researcher's blueprint or plan that guides the study.

<p>research</p> Signup and view all the answers

A well-structured research design ensures that the study addresses the research question effectively and yields valid, reliable ______.

<p>results</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ research aims to describe characteristics or behaviors of a phenomenon or group.

<p>Descriptive</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ research seeks to explore an area where little is known and generate new hypotheses.

<p>Exploratory</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qualitative data includes non-numerical data such as text, interviews, observations, and ______.

<p>narratives</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quantitative data is ______ data that can be analyzed statistically.

<p>numerical</p> Signup and view all the answers

In single-case studies, the focus is on one individual, group, or ______ in depth.

<p>event</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a ______-based research environment, the researcher can manipulate variables.

<p>laboratory</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aims to explain relationships and identify cause-and-______ links falls under explanatory research.

<p>effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

The phenomenological research design aims to understand individual's ______ experiences and make sense of them.

<p>lived</p> Signup and view all the answers

In grounded theory research, researchers develop a hypothesis based on ______ patterns, rather than starting with one.

<p>emerging</p> Signup and view all the answers

Action research is used to solve a practical problem through collaborative research with the ______.

<p>participants</p> Signup and view all the answers

The research design is guided by specific questions or ______ that the study aims to address.

<p>hypotheses</p> Signup and view all the answers

Random sampling, stratified sampling, and convenience sampling are examples of sampling ______.

<p>methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

The number of participants or data points included in a study is determined by the sample ______.

<p>size</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ variable is the factor in an experiment that is manipulated or controlled by the researcher.

<p>independent</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank] variables are kept constant to ensure that the effect on the dependent variable is due to the independent variable.

<p>control</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Journalism

Investigative research to expose truths and report events.

Clinical Trials

Experiments that test the efficacy of new drugs or treatments.

Specialized Knowledge

In-depth understanding in fields like medicine or engineering.

Interdisciplinary Research

Collaborative research combining knowledge from various fields.

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Educational Research

Studies focused on improving teaching methods and tools.

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Polls and Surveys

Tools that gauge public sentiment on various topics.

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Program Evaluation

Assessment of whether a policy or program achieves its goals.

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Characteristics of Research

Key features that define research and ensure valid results.

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Correlational Research

Research identifying relationships between variables without manipulation, does not imply causality.

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Qualitative Research

Explores phenomena through non-numerical data, focusing on meanings and experiences.

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Quantitative Research

Quantifies problems by generating numerical data for statistical analysis.

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Experimental Research

Investigates causal relationships by manipulating one variable to observe its effect on another.

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Action Research

Aims to solve specific problems in a community or organization, involving participant collaboration.

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Variables in Correlation

The elements that are measured or observed in correlational research to assess relationships.

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Methods of Qualitative Research

Includes interviews, focus groups, ethnography, and case studies to gather in-depth insights.

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Methods of Quantitative Research

Involves surveys, experiments, and statistical modeling to measure and analyze data.

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Problem Solving

Research identifies root causes of issues and provides effective solutions.

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Innovation and Development

Research drives progress in technology and science, leading to new advancements.

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Improving Decision Making

Research provides essential data for evidence-based decisions in various sectors.

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Contributing to Knowledge

Research expands human understanding across various fields and preserves historical context.

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Critical Thinking

Research enhances critical thinking by evaluating sources and analyzing data.

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Creating New Content

Research underpins the production of original content in writing and media.

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Market Research

A type of research that gathers data on consumer needs and preferences.

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Tech Development

Research in technology leads to advancements like AI and renewable energy.

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Grounded Theory Research

Research to generate a theory from field data, not starting with a hypothesis.

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Constant Comparative Analysis

Method in grounded theory to compare data continuously during research.

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Descriptive-Analytical Research

Research that describes phenomena and analyzes relationships or patterns.

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Basic Research

Research aimed at expanding knowledge and theory development.

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Applied Research

Research designed to solve practical problems.

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Exploratory Research

Research aimed at initial insights and defining problems.

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Longitudinal Study

Research studying changes over time with repeated observations.

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Descriptive Research

Research that focuses on describing phenomena or behaviors without manipulating them.

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Research Design

Framework for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data.

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Purpose of the Study

Reasons for conducting a study, classified as descriptive, exploratory, explanatory, or evaluative.

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Descriptive Study

Research that describes characteristics or behaviors of a phenomenon.

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Exploratory Study

Investigates new areas where little information exists to generate hypotheses.

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Qualitative Data

Non-numerical data such as text, interviews, and narratives.

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Quantitative Data

Numerical data that can be statistically analyzed, like survey responses.

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Cross-sectional Study

Research where data is collected at one point in time for a snapshot.

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Phenomenological Research Design

A method to understand individuals' perceptions of their lived experiences through detailed data.

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Grounded Theory Research Design

Generates theories from data collected during research, using an inductive approach.

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Action Research Design

Collaborative research aimed at solving practical problems through active participation with subjects.

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Research Questions/Hypotheses

Guiding inquiries or predictions that define the study's focus and variables.

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Sampling Methods

Techniques used to select participants or data points for a study, affecting representativeness.

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Independent Variable

The factor manipulated or controlled in an experiment to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

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Dependent Variable

The factor that is measured or observed in response to changes in the independent variable.

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Control Variables

Factors kept constant to ensure the test focuses on the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

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Study Notes

Research Methods Overview

  • Research is a crucial process for gaining knowledge, solving problems, and making informed decisions.
  • Research can be used for problem-solving, innovation, improving decision-making, contributing to knowledge, critical thinking, and analysis.
  • Research involves evaluating arguments, analyzing data, and forming reasoned conclusions.
  • Research is fundamental to academic papers, books, articles, and reports, as well as journalism.
  • Research helps develop expertise in specific areas like medicine, engineering, economics, and law.
  • Research enables collaboration between experts, institutions, and countries
  • Research can improve educational quality by developing new teaching methods, tools, or curriculums.
  • Research should be conducted in a systematic and well-defined way.

Research Characteristics

  • Systematic Approach: Research is organized and structured, following a clear and well-defined sequence.
  • Objective Nature: Research should be unbiased and free from bias.
  • Empirical Basis: Research is grounded in observation or experimentation, using real-world data rather than just theory.
  • Reproducibility: Research must be replicable and documented transparently so others can validate the results.
  • Accuracy & Precision: Research strives for accuracy in data measurement, collection, and consistent methods.
  • Analytical Approach: Data is analyzed systematically and critically to draw valid conclusions.
  • Creative Application: Research often requires creativity to develop new hypotheses, design studies, or apply novel methods.
  • Ethical Conduct: Research must adhere to ethical principles to respect participants' rights and ensure the benefits to society. Informed consent, confidentiality, and avoiding harm are crucial ethical considerations.
  • Generalizability: Findings should be applicable beyond the specific context of the study.

Research Types

  • Basic (Pure) Research: Expands knowledge and explores fundamental principles.
  • Applied Research: Uses scientific knowledge to solve practical problems.
  • Exploratory Research: Investigates an issue with limited prior research.
  • Descriptive Research: Describes characteristics, behaviors, or phenomena without manipulating variables.
  • Explanatory (Causal) Research: Investigates cause-and-effect relationships between variables.
  • Correlational Research: Identifies relationships between variables without establishing causation.
  • Qualitative Research: Uses non-numerical data to explore and understand experiences.
  • Quantitative Research: Uses numerical data to quantify and analyze relationships.
  • Experimental Research: Establishes cause-and-effect relationships by manipulating variables in a controlled setting.
  • Action Research: Solves real-world problems through collaboration with participants.
  • Case Study Research: Investigates a specific case or event in detail.
  • Longitudinal Research: Studies the same individuals or groups over an extended period.
  • Cross-Sectional Research: Examines data from a population at a single point in time.
  • Comparative Research: Highlights similarities and differences between different groups or phenomena.
  • Historical Research: Explores past events or phenomena.
  • Phenomenological Research: Examines how individuals perceive and make sense of experiences..
  • Grounded Theory Research: Develops theories based on data collected in the field, not from pre-existing hypotheses.

Research Design Aspects

  • Purpose of the Study: Defining the research goals and objectives.
  • Type of Data: Distinguishing between qualitative and quantitative data.
  • Time Frame: Determining data collection methods and time.
  • Scope of the Study: Defining the subject boundaries of investigation.
  • Research Environment: Identifying the settings and contexts of data collection.
  • Data Analysis Techniques: Outlining how the data will be analyzed.
  • Ethical Considerations: Implementing ethical guidelines for data collection and analysis.

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What Can You Do With Research? PDF

Description

This quiz provides an overview of research methods, emphasizing their importance in problem-solving and decision-making across various fields. It covers the characteristics of research, including its systematic approach and objective nature. Test your understanding of how research contributes to knowledge and collaboration.

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