Research Methods and Analysis Procedures

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Questions and Answers

What is the first step in conducting a qualitative analysis?

  • Identify meaningful patterns and themes
  • Clean your data
  • Formulate a research question (correct)
  • Interpret your data

What does coding refer to in qualitative analysis?

  • Cleaning error-prone data
  • Creating a hypothesis
  • Categorizing and reducing data (correct)
  • Identifying patterns and themes

Why is cleaning your data an important step in qualitative analysis?

  • To ensure the data is correct (correct)
  • To synthesize data into paragraphs
  • To identify research questions
  • To interpret the themes accurately

What is the final step after interpreting data in qualitative analysis?

<p>Synthesizing your findings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes the heart and soul of qualitative data analysis?

<p>Identifying meaningful patterns and themes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of research design?

<p>To formulate a clear concept about measures of the variables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a case study?

<p>A program, person, or event in a defined time frame (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does ethnography primarily focus on?

<p>Studying cultural groups to gather information about their characteristics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes a systematic step-by-step process in research?

<p>Methodical approach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of coding in qualitative research involve?

<p>Assigning labels to important features of the data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a theme in qualitative research?

<p>A category formed by bringing similar issues together (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes a pattern?

<p>It happens in a predictable and repeated way (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in thematic analysis?

<p>Familiarization with the data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the central themes related to experiences of knowing one is pregnant?

<p>Life's turning point: a baby bump (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theme pertains to the adjustment necessary after learning about the pregnancy?

<p>Role changing: new set of responsibilities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Glint of hope: a blessing in disguise' suggest in the context of pregnancy?

<p>Optimism about the future despite challenges (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step is NOT part of the thematic analysis process?

<p>Rely solely on first impressions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would likely be a focus of analysis during the thematic analysis?

<p>Consistent and varied responses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many respondents were interviewed in the study about teenage pregnancy?

<p>Five (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of teenage experiences does the research primarily investigate?

<p>Interventions for minimizing future risks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which central theme reflects the ultimate outcome of accepting an early pregnancy?

<p>Cherished relationships and successful adjustment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of reviewing themes in thematic analysis?

<p>To check the candidate themes against the data set to ensure they provide a convincing narrative. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of thematic analysis is the scope and focus of each theme developed?

<p>Defining and naming themes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be done to a theme during the reviewing phase?

<p>The theme can be refined by combining it with another theme. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the final phase of thematic analysis entail?

<p>Writing Up, which includes organizing data and contextualizing it with existing literature. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of how a theme might be re-named during the defining phase?

<p>'Distrust of experts' might be better named 'distrust of authority'. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential challenge when collating data relevant to each candidate theme?

<p>Determining the relevance of data to each theme can be subjective. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In thematic analysis, what could be the consequence of not refining themes during the reviewing phase?

<p>The analysis may miss critical insights and fail to answer the research questions effectively. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of analyzing candidate themes in thematic analysis?

<p>To assess whether the themes effectively summarize the entire dataset. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Research Design

A set of procedures and methods used to collect and analyze data related to research objectives.

Case Study

A study of a program, person, or event within a specific time frame.

Ethnography

A study of a cultural group to understand its characteristics and activities.

Methodical

Performed in a step-by-step manner using systematic procedures.

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Sampling

The process of selecting a subset of a population for a study.

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Pattern

Something that happens regularly and repeatedly.

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Theme

Similar ideas and issues within qualitative data grouped together.

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Code

A word or phrase that defines an attribute of data in qualitative research.

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Thematic Analysis

Identifying patterns and themes within qualitative data to answer research questions.

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Qualitative Analysis

A method of analyzing qualitative data, including interviews and observations to find themes.

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Familiarization With Data

The first step in thematic analysis: reading and understanding the data deeply.

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Coding

Generating labels (codes) to identify important features in qualitative data relevant to the research question.

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Searching for Themes

Looking for overarching patterns and themes among the codes in qualitative data.

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Thematic Analysis Step 4

Reviewing candidate themes against the data to see if they explain the data and answer the research question. This often leads to refining, splitting, combining, or discarding themes.

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Thematic Analysis Step 5

This step is about deeply understanding each theme, outlining its scope and focus; to effectively tell its story, and giving it a meaningful name. (e.g., changing the name from distrust of experts to distrust of authority).

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Thematic Analysis Step 6

Connecting the analytic narrative with existing literature. Summarize findings and relate them to prior research on the topic.

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Candidate Themes

Potential topics or ideas that might emerge from the data analysis in thematic analysis.

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Refining Themes

Improving or adjusting themes based on new insights or further examination of the data while performing thematic analysis.

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Data Collation

Gathering and organizing data related to a specific theme in thematic analysis during the initial analysis stage.

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Qualitative Analysis Steps

A process for analyzing qualitative data to find patterns and themes, including steps like coding, pattern identification, theme discovery, and interpretation.

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Coding Qualitative Data

Categorizing and labeling data segments (e.g., interviews, observations) to group similar information and make analysis easier.

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Data Cleaning (Qualitative)

Reviewing collected qualitative data for errors or inconsistencies—vital to ensure accuracy in analysis.

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Identify Meaningful Patterns

Finding recurring themes and common narratives within the coded qualitative data—key to answering the research question.

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Interpreting Qualitative Data

Making sense of patterns and themes identified in the data; drawing conclusions to answer research questions.

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Themes from Marawi Interviews

Recurring topics or ideas from interviews about teenage pregnancies during the Marawi siege.

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Table 1 Theme

Theme referring to the experience of knowing about pregnancy.

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Table 2 Theme

Theme about adjusting life after discovering a pregnancy.

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Table 3 Theme

Theme centered around the present state/condition.

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Thematic Analysis

Qualitative data analysis technique to identify and analyze recurring patterns and topics from data, like interviews.

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Data Re-consideration

To review the data (observations, recorded interviews, or clips) to fully process and understand the content.

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Consistent/Varied Responses

To focus on recurring or differing opinions in the analyzed information.

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Qualitative Analysis

The process of analyzing data (like interviews) in a non-numerical way to understand complex concepts or themes.

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Study Notes

Data Collection and Analysis Procedures

  • A set of procedures and methods used to collect and analyze variables in research objectives

Research Design

  • A program, person, or event within a defined time frame

Ethnography

  • Study of a cultural group to gather information about characteristics and activities

Methodical

  • Conducted as a step-by-step process using systematic methods and procedures

Sampling

  • Procedures used to select samples

Inferring Patterns and Themes

  • Identifying patterns and themes from collected data

Pattern

  • Something that happens in a regular and repeated way

Theme

  • Similar issues and ideas from participants within qualitative data grouped together

Code

  • A word or phrase that symbolically defines a piece of data for analysis
  • Example of data including interviews, observation notes, journals, documents, literature, artifacts, photos, videos, websites, and correspondence.

Thematic Analysis

  • Two strategies: Thematic Analysis and Qualitative Analysis

Steps in Thematic Analysis

  • Familiarization: Reading and rereading data to understand; becoming intimately familiar with content.
  • Coding: Generating labels (codes) representing important features relevant to research question; coding entire data set; collating all codes and relevant data extracts for later analysis.
  • Searching for themes: Examining codes and collated data to identify broader patterns of meaning (potential themes). Collating data relating to each candidate theme to review viability of each candidate theme.
  • Reviewing themes: Checking candidate themes against data to determine if they tell a convincing story that answers the research question. Refine themes, split, combine, or discard as needed.
  • Defining and naming themes: Detailed analysis of each theme; determining focus and the 'story' of each theme; deciding on an informative name for each theme.
  • Writing Up: Weaving together analytic narrative data and extracts; contextualizing the analysis in relation to existing literature.

Example Codes and Themes

  • Uncertainty: Leave it to the experts, Alternative explanations, Changing terminology. Uncertainty Theme
  • Distrust of Experts: Distrust of scientists, Resentment towards experts, Fear of government control. Distrust of Experts Theme
  • Misinformation: Incorrect facts, Misunderstanding of science, Biased media sources. Misinformation Theme

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