Analyzing Qualitative Data PDF

Directions: 1. It is a set of procedures Rearrange the and methods that is used jumbled letters to collect and analyze to form a concept about measures of the variables data collection given in the objectives. and analysis (GESDIN CEHERSAR) procedure. ANSWER: RESEARCH DES...

Directions: 1. It is a set of procedures Rearrange the and methods that is used jumbled letters to collect and analyze to form a concept about measures of the variables data collection given in the objectives. and analysis (GESDIN CEHERSAR) procedure. ANSWER: RESEARCH DESIGN 2. It is a program, person, or event in a defined time frame. (DATSEYCUS) ANSWER: CASE STUDY 3. It involves a study of a certain cultural group to get information about its characteristics and group activities. (THAGYONERPH)  ANSWER: ETHNOGRAPHY 4. It is conducted in a step-by step process through systematic methods and procedures. (LEMDACOHIT)  ANSWER: METHODICAL 5. Any procedure done to select samples. (ALMSIGNP) ANSWER: SAMPLING INFER PATTERNS AND THEMES FROM THE GATHERED DATA THE PATTERN, THEME, AND CODE PATTERN A pattern is something that happens in a regular and repeated way.  THEME A theme is generated when similar issues and ideas expressed by participants within qualitative data are brought together by the researcher into a single category or cluster. CODE  A code in qualitative inquiry is most often a word phrase which symbolically defines a summative, salient, essence-capturing, and/or evocative attribute for a portion of language-based or visual data. This data can compose of interview transcripts, participant observation field notes, journals, documents, literature, artifacts, photographs, video, websites, e-mail and correspondence. TWO STRATEGIES ON HOW TO INFER DATA Thematic Analysis Qualitative Analysis SIX STEPS IN THEMATIC ANALYSIS 1. Familiarization with the data: This phase involves reading and re-reading the data, to become immersed and intimately familiar with its content. SIX STEPS IN THEMATIC ANALYSIS 2. Coding - this phase involves generating labels (codes) that identify important features of the data that might be relevant to answering the research question. It involves coding the entire data set, and after that, collating all the codes and all relevant data extracts, together for later stages of analysis. SIX STEPS IN THEMATIC ANALYSIS 3. Searching for Themes. This phase involves examining the codes and collated data to identify significant broader patterns of meaning (potential themes). It then involves collating data relevant to each candidate theme, so that you can work with the data and review the viability of each candidate theme.  SIX STEPS IN THEMATIC ANALYSIS 4. Reviewing themes. This phase involves checking the candidate themes against the data set, to determine if they tell a convincing story of the data, and one that answers the research question. In this phase, themes are typically refined, which sometimes involves them being split, combined, or discarded.  For example, we might decide upon looking through the data that “changing terminology” fits better under the “uncertainty” theme than under “distrust of experts,” since the data labelled with this code involves confusion, not necessarily distrust.  SIX STEPS IN THEMATIC ANALYSIS 5. Defining and naming themes. This phase involves developing a detailed analysis of each theme, working out the scope and focus of each theme, determining the “story” of each. It also involves deciding on an informative name for each theme.  For example, we might look at “distrust of experts” and determine exactly who we mean by “experts” in this theme. We might decide that a better name for the theme is “distrust of authority” or “conspiracy thinking”. SIX STEPS IN THEMATIC ANALYSIS 6. Writing Up. This final phase involves weaving together the analytic narrative data and extracts and contextualizing the analysis in relation to existing literature.  In our example, we might argue that conspiracy thinking about climate change is widespread among older conservative voters, point out the uncertainty with which many voters view the issue, and discuss the role of misinformation in respondents’ perceptions.  H e re i s a n ex a m p l e o f a t r a n s c r i b e d re s u l t o f a n i n t e r v i e w c o n d u c t e d i n C l a r i n N a t i o n a l H i g h S c h o o l t o d i s p l a c e d l e a rn e r s d u r i n g t h e M a r a w i s i e g e. T h e y w e re a b l e t o c o m e u p w i t h v a r i e d t h e m e s d e p e n d i n g o n t h e q u e s t i o n a s ke d. T h i s i s a re s u l t b a s e d o n a o n e - o n - o n e i n t e r v i e w.  Here is another example of a transcribed result of an interview during the Marawi siege. They were able to come up with varied theme depending on the questions asked. This is a result based on one-on-one interview.   Extracted from an unpublished research paper conducted by Ms. Cristy Dablo of the Division of Misamis Oriental is the narrated experience of teenagers realizing the inevitable pregnancy. The research is GROUP entitled, “TEENAGE PREGNANCY AND ITS INTERVENTIONS: MINIMIZING FUTURE RISKS AMONG HIGH SCHOOL ACTIVIT STUDENTS”.  There were three central themes which Y emerged based on the interviews with the five (5) respondents experiences that cherished relationships as substantial and tough acquisition of love in the acceptance of being pregnant at an early age towards successful adjustment. The three central themes are the following: DIRECTIONS: Choose which themes best fit each table.  Table 1: Experiences knowing that you are pregnant  Theme: _______________ (1) Life’ turning point: a baby bump, (2) role changing: new set of responsibilities, and (3) Glint of hope: a blessing in disguise.  Table 2: Adopting your life knowing that you are pregnant Theme: __________ (1) Life’ turning point: a baby bump, (2) role changing: new set of responsibilities, and (3) Glint of hope: a blessing in disguise.  Table 3: The present condition Theme: ___________________________ (1) Life’ turning point: a baby bump, (2) role changing: new set of responsibilities, and (3) Glint of hope: a blessing in disguise. WHAT ARE THE STEPS IN THEMATIC ANALYSIS? QUIZ 2 DIRECTIONS: Complete the table. Think of possible preset codes/categories/themes for the given questions.  1. Know your data. Reread PROCESSES your written observations, IN DOING A QUALITATIVE relisten the audio recorded ANALYSIS interviews, or rewatch the movie or clip.  2. Focus your analysis. Focus yourself on consistent and or varied responses. PROCESSES For example: IN DOING A QUALITATIVE  Your research question is, “Why are ANALYSIS some high school students sometimes late for school?” Common responses would be school’s distance, waking up late, tons of chores prior to going to school, sleeping late, etcetera.  3. Do coding. Always consult PROCESSES your research questions or you IN DOING A might end up coding QUALITATIVE unnecessary information. ANALYSIS Coding is simply categorizing the data and reducing them. PROCESSES IN DOING A 4. Clean your data. Go QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS through your data once more if there are data errors.  5. Identify meaningful patterns PROCESSES and themes. Identifying IN DOING A meaningful patterns and the QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS theme is the heart and soul of the entire qualitative data analysis. In this stage, you can look at the data  6. Interpret your data. After PROCESSES analyzing, coding, and organizing IN DOING A the data, identifying the patterns and QUALITATIVE themes, you are now ready to ANALYSIS interpret your data. In interpreting the data, you will synthesize your tables to a paragraph.