Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which section of the research should be written in past verb tense?
Which section of the research should be written in past verb tense?
What are the critical components included in the 'Materials' section?
What are the critical components included in the 'Materials' section?
In which order should results be presented in the research?
In which order should results be presented in the research?
What should tables in the results section primarily focus on?
What should tables in the results section primarily focus on?
Signup and view all the answers
Which aspect is NOT a key feature of figures used in the results section?
Which aspect is NOT a key feature of figures used in the results section?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be included in the discussion section of the research paper?
What should be included in the discussion section of the research paper?
Signup and view all the answers
Which is a defining feature of the conclusions section in a research paper?
Which is a defining feature of the conclusions section in a research paper?
Signup and view all the answers
What role do ethical considerations play in research?
What role do ethical considerations play in research?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an appropriate way to summarize recommendations based on findings?
What is an appropriate way to summarize recommendations based on findings?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT an aspect of the recommendations that might be suggested?
Which of the following is NOT an aspect of the recommendations that might be suggested?
Signup and view all the answers
What should the References section include?
What should the References section include?
Signup and view all the answers
How should references be organized in the References section?
How should references be organized in the References section?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following citation formats applies to journal articles?
Which of the following citation formats applies to journal articles?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of research goals?
What is the primary purpose of research goals?
Signup and view all the answers
Which verb tense is correctly used for stating conclusions within a paper?
Which verb tense is correctly used for stating conclusions within a paper?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements correctly represents the characteristics of SMART objectives?
Which of the following statements correctly represents the characteristics of SMART objectives?
Signup and view all the answers
Which component is NOT typically included as an annex or appendix in research documentation?
Which component is NOT typically included as an annex or appendix in research documentation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common mistake when creating the References section?
What is a common mistake when creating the References section?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of variable is primarily affected by other variables in research?
What type of variable is primarily affected by other variables in research?
Signup and view all the answers
What should a work plan for research include?
What should a work plan for research include?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the correct order of main components in a research report?
What is the correct order of main components in a research report?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an effective abstract?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an effective abstract?
Signup and view all the answers
What should the introduction of a research report primarily contain?
What should the introduction of a research report primarily contain?
Signup and view all the answers
In the context of variables in research, which of the following is a categorical variable?
In the context of variables in research, which of the following is a categorical variable?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a primary purpose of reviewing literature before conducting research?
What is a primary purpose of reviewing literature before conducting research?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a step in conducting research?
Which of the following is NOT a step in conducting research?
Signup and view all the answers
What should a good research title NOT include?
What should a good research title NOT include?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is specifying the population to be investigated important in a research title?
Why is specifying the population to be investigated important in a research title?
Signup and view all the answers
Which element is essential in the introduction of a research proposal?
Which element is essential in the introduction of a research proposal?
Signup and view all the answers
What criterion should guide the selection of a research topic?
What criterion should guide the selection of a research topic?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following should NOT be included in a research proposal?
Which of the following should NOT be included in a research proposal?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one key benefit of presenting research findings?
What is one key benefit of presenting research findings?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Research Methodology
- Research is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data to answer a question or solve a problem.
Steps of Conducting Research
-
A. Prioritizing and Selecting a Research Topic:
- Relevance: The topic should be a priority problem, considering its size, spread, impact on affected individuals, and severity.
- Avoidance of Duplication: Ensure the topic hasn't been investigated before.
-
B. Literature Review:
- Importance: Reviewing existing information prevents duplication and provides a foundation for understanding the problem and supporting the research project's necessity.
-
C. Development of a Research Proposal:
- Contents:
- Title of the research
- Introduction: Background information
- Research objectives
- Methodology
- Work plan
- References
- Annexes
- Contents:
-
D. Implementation of Study:
- Data collection
- Data processing and analysis
- Interpretation of results
- Final report writing
- Presenting the results
Components of Research Process
- Purpose
- Research Questions
- Assumptions
- Sampling Methods
- Data Collection Methods
- Research Methods
- Data Analysis
- Quality Criteria
- Report Writing
I. Title of the Research
- A good title is short (10-12 words), accurate, and concise.
- Clearly related to the study's purpose.
- Specifies the population and location of the study.
- Avoids redundant phrases like "A study of..."
II. Introduction (Background Information and Statement of the Research Problem)
- Provides background information relevant to the study.
- Clearly states the research question.
- Briefly explains the topic's importance.
- Outlines what is known and unknown about the topic.
- Includes findings from previous studies (using past tense).
III. Research Goals and Objectives
- Goals: Describe the aim of the work in broad terms.
- Objectives: Should be ordered logically and use action verbs that can be assessed, such as describe, identify, measure, compare.
IV. Methodology
- Identifies variables (independent, dependent, confounding).
- Defines variables (numerical/categorical).
- Specifies whether variables are continuous/discrete or ordinal/nominal.
V. Work Plan
- Includes tasks to be performed.
- Specifies when tasks will be completed.
- Identifies who is responsible for each task.
VI. References
- Follows the citation style required by the specific publication.
- Includes references in the text in the order they appear.
- Includes a complete list of all cited references in alphabetical order by the first author's last name.
VII. Annexes
- Includes data collection tools (questionnaires, interview schedules).
- Includes informed consent forms.
- Includes institutional/ethical approvals for the study.
VIII. Final Report Writing
-
Report Components:
- Title or cover page
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Objectives
- Methodology
- Research results (findings)
- Discussion
- Conclusions
- Recommendations
- References
- Annexes or appendices (data collection tools, tables)
I. Title or Cover Page
- Includes the research title, authors' names and titles/positions, and the publishing institution.
II. Abstract
- Summarizes the main aspects of the manuscript in 200-300 words.
- Includes a description of the problem, objectives, study location, methods, findings, conclusions, and recommendations.
- Avoids references, tables, figures, and abbreviations.
III. Introduction
- Provides background information and the problem statement.
- Explains the rationale for the research.
IV. Research Objectives
- Outlines the general and specific objectives of the research.
V. Material and Methods
- Subjects: Methods of sampling, Sample size estimation, Inclusion and exclusion criteria.
- Variables: Independent, dependent, controlled variables.
- Pilot studies: Description of pilot studies.
- Materials: Equipment and measurements tools.
- Procedures: Detailed description of the procedures in chronological order.
- Ethical considerations: Explanation of the ethical considerations.
- Statistical methods: Description of the statistical methods used.
VI. Research Results
- Presents essential results for answering the research questions.
- Presents results using tables or figures.
- Presents information using clear visualizations and informative tables.
- Includes citations of reference material.
VII. Discussion
- Answers the questions posed in the introduction.
- Supports answers with references.
- Explains unexpected findings, providing analysis and support.
VIII. Conclusions
- Briefly summarizes the major findings and implications of the study.
IX. Recommendations
- Recommendations should logically follow from the discussion of the findings.
- May be summarized according to the groups towards which they are directed (e.g., policy-makers, health professionals, community members).
- Can include methods, procedures, or approaches for solving particular problems, and/or further work or actions to be completed.
X. References
- Includes all cited references in the text in the sequence they appear.
- Presents a complete list of all cited references in alphabetical order by the first author's last name.
- Citations follow the specific publication requirements.
XI. Annexes or Appendices
- Includes data collection tools (questionnaires, interview schedules).
- Includes informed consent forms.
- Includes institutional/ethical approvals for the study.
Verb Tenses
- Present tense: Use for directives, conclusions, generalities, stable conditions.
- Past tense: Use for procedures, results, and completed statements.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers the fundamental steps of conducting research, including topic selection, literature review, and proposal development. Understand how to systematically collect, analyze, and interpret data to effectively answer research questions. Perfect for students and professionals looking to refine their research skills.
