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Questions and Answers
Which group is NOT mentioned as a target for recommendations?
Which group is NOT mentioned as a target for recommendations?
What is a primary purpose of recommendations according to the content?
What is a primary purpose of recommendations according to the content?
What is required for citations in the references section?
What is required for citations in the references section?
Which of the following is the correct format for citing journal articles?
Which of the following is the correct format for citing journal articles?
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What verb tense should be used for directives and conclusions?
What verb tense should be used for directives and conclusions?
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What is NOT typically included in annexes or appendices?
What is NOT typically included in annexes or appendices?
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In which order should references be listed?
In which order should references be listed?
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Which is NOT necessary for a thesis or dissertation citation?
Which is NOT necessary for a thesis or dissertation citation?
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What is a characteristic of research objectives?
What is a characteristic of research objectives?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of a research report?
Which of the following is NOT a component of a research report?
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Which type of variables includes factors that may influence the outcome of a study?
Which type of variables includes factors that may influence the outcome of a study?
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What does the 'R' in SMART objectives stand for?
What does the 'R' in SMART objectives stand for?
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Which of the following should be included in a work plan?
Which of the following should be included in a work plan?
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What is a key characteristic of a well-written abstract?
What is a key characteristic of a well-written abstract?
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What type of variable provides outcomes or diseases in research?
What type of variable provides outcomes or diseases in research?
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Which of the following describes what the title or cover page of a research report should include?
Which of the following describes what the title or cover page of a research report should include?
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What is the primary purpose of research?
What is the primary purpose of research?
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Which of these criteria should NOT be considered when selecting a research topic?
Which of these criteria should NOT be considered when selecting a research topic?
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What component is NOT typically included in a research proposal?
What component is NOT typically included in a research proposal?
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What should a good title of research primarily include?
What should a good title of research primarily include?
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Which of the following is least likely to be found in the introduction of a research proposal?
Which of the following is least likely to be found in the introduction of a research proposal?
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Why is a literature review important in research?
Why is a literature review important in research?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of a well-written research question?
Which of the following is a characteristic of a well-written research question?
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What generally comes after the implementation of a study?
What generally comes after the implementation of a study?
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What should the research results section primarily focus on?
What should the research results section primarily focus on?
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What is an important element to include in the discussion section?
What is an important element to include in the discussion section?
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How should tables be organized in the research results section?
How should tables be organized in the research results section?
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Which of the following best describes the materials and methods section?
Which of the following best describes the materials and methods section?
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What shape should figures take in the research results section?
What shape should figures take in the research results section?
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In terms of statistical methods, what should be stated?
In terms of statistical methods, what should be stated?
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What aspect should be avoided in the results section?
What aspect should be avoided in the results section?
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What should the conclusion of a research study provide?
What should the conclusion of a research study provide?
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Study Notes
Research Methodology
- Research is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data to answer a question or solve a problem.
Steps of Conducting Research
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A. Prioritizing and Selecting a Research Topic:
- Relevance: The topic should address a significant problem, considering its size, scope, impact, and who is affected.
- Avoid Duplication: Ensure the topic hasn't been extensively studied before.
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B. Literature Review:
- Examining existing information is crucial to avoid duplication and understand previous research related to the chosen topic.
- Literature reviews provide compelling arguments for the need for the study.
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C. Development of a Research Proposal:
- Contents: A research proposal should include a title, introduction, research objectives, methodology, work plan, references, and appendices.
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D. Implementation of Study:
- Includes data collection, processing, analysis, interpretation, final report writing, and presenting results.
Components of Research Process
- 1. Purpose: The overall aim of the research.
- 2. Research Questions: Questions to be answered by the research.
- 3. Assumptions: Underlying beliefs and ideas.
- 4. Sampling Methods: How the sample for the study will be selected.
- 5. Data Collection Methods: Techniques used to gather data.
- 6. Research Methods: Approaches to conducting the research study.
- 7. Quality Criteria: Standards for evaluating the quality of the research study.
- 8. Data Analysis: Examining the data collected to identify trends.
- 9. Report Writing: Preparing and presenting the findings.
I. Title of the Research
- A concise, accurate title (10-12 words) clearly relating to the study's purpose.
- Specify the investigated population and location of the study.
- Avoid redundant phrases like "A study of..."
II. Introduction (Background Information and Statement of the Research Problem)
- Provide background context related to the study's topic.
- State the research question clearly and concisely.
- Explain the importance of the topic.
- Summarize existing knowledge on the topic.
- Highlight knowledge gaps or problematic areas.
- Present findings from relevant prior studies (using past tense).
- Clearly articulate the research questions.
III. Research Goals and Objectives
- Goals: Broad statements outlining the aims of the study.
- Objectives: Specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) statements that guide the study's direction.
IV. Methodology
- Identify variables (independent, dependent, confounding).
- Classify variables as numerical (continuous/discrete) or categorical (ordinal/nominal).
- Clearly define variables.
V. Work Plan
- Detail tasks to be performed.
- Specify timelines for each task.
- Identify individuals responsible for each task.
VI. References
- References should be numbered in the order they appear in the report.
- The complete list of references follows a specific format (e.g., Vancouver system).
VII. Annexes
- Include interview schedules, questionnaires, informed consent forms, and ethical approvals.
D. Final Report Writing
- Components: Title page, abstract, introduction, objectives, methodology, and other sections as necessary (results, discussion, conclusions, recommendations, references, and appendices).
VI. Research Results
- Plan results that answer research questions.
- Present results in a logical order.
- Use tables/figures for clarity.
- Ensure tables and figures have a strong visual impact and are informative.
VII. Discussion
- Interpret results in relation to the research questions.
- Explain findings and unexpected findings.
- Describe clinical significance and implications of the findings.
VIII. Conclusions
- Summarize the main findings of the study.
- State the implications of the conclusions.
IX. Recommendations
- Offer suggestions and actions based on findings.
- Target recommendations to relevant audiences (e.g., policy makers, healthcare professionals).
X. References
- Complete list of cited sources in alphabetical order by author's last name.
- Include only referenced sources that were used in the study.
XI. Annexes or Appendices
- Include supporting materials like interview schedules, consent forms, ethical approvals.
Verb Tenses
- Present: Used for instructions, general statements, and stable conditions.
- Past: Used for procedures and results (action completed in the past).
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Description
This quiz covers the essential steps of conducting research, including selecting a topic, performing a literature review, proposing a study, and implementing the research. It emphasizes the importance of relevance, uniqueness, and systematic data analysis in the research process.
